Context Analysis: Stakeholder and Spoiler

जावलाखेलमा म्यादी प्रहरीले गरे नारावाजी ललितपुरका म्यादी प्रहरी आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका छन्। सरकारले दिएको सेवा सुविधा कम भएको भन्दै उनीहरु आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका हुन्। उनीहरुले आज जावलाखेलमा प्रर्दशनसमेत गरे। सरकारले उनीहरुलाई ५१ दिनको ५२ हजार २ सय ५४ रुपैयाँ सेवा सुविधा दिएको थियो। तर उनीहरुले त्यो अपुग भएको भन्दै जावलाखेलमा प्रर्दशन गरे। ललितपुरका डिएसपी इश्वर कार्कीले ५० जना जतिले सेवा सुविधामा असन्तुष्टि जनाएको बताए। Source: http://setopati.com/social/46113

CIAA Arrests Two Rural Municipality Executives with Bribe in Sindhuli SINDHULIMADHI: The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority has reportedly arrested two rural municipality executive chiefs red-handed while they were taking a bribe from a solar panel dealer in Sindhuli district on Tuesday. A team of personnel at CIAA extended Office, Bardibas, apprehended executive chief of Golanjor Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale and executive chief of Fikal Rural Municipality Satish Bhattarai in the district. The duo were arrested while they were taking commission from the owner of Dhruba Electronics, an authorised supplier of the solar panels at Stall Bazar in Kamalamai Municipality-6, for making purchase deal on behalf of the government, today, according to the Superintendent of Police Mukesh Singh at the CIAA Office. Ale was held with Rs 1,51,000 and Bhattarai with Rs 90,000 bribe said police. Earlier, the government had made the decision of acquiring the large quantity of solar panel for rural settlement deprived of electricity supply. CIAA Office, Bardibas, apprehends the executive chiefs of Golanjor Rural Municipality and Fikal Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale (left) and Satish Bhattarai respectively, with the bribe in Sindhuli District, on Tuesday, June 6, 2017. Photo: Min Kumar Dahal Source: THT, 06 June 2017

मालपोतका कर्मचारी र लेखनदास पाँच लाख घुससहित अख्तियारको नियन्त्रणमा नेपालगन्ज : मालपोत कार्यालय नेपालगन्ज बाँकेका खरिदार नर बहादुर सारु मगर र लेखनदास सर्जु थापा सेवाग्रहीबाट ५ लाख घुस लिँदालिँदै पक्राउ परेका छन । बर्दिया बारवर्दिया नगरपालिका - ७ स्थायी ठेगाना भई मालपोत कार्यालयमा कार्यरत ३० बर्षीय खरिदार सारु मगर र बाँकेको नेपालगन्ज उप-महानगरपालिका- ५ स्थायी ठेगाना भई मालपोत कार्यालयमा लेखापढी गर्ने ४५ बर्षीय लेखापढी व्यवसायी थापालाई सेवाग्राहीसँग चार लाख ९८ हजार घुस रकम लिदै गरेका सोमबार राती अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको सम्पर्क कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले पक्राउ गरेको हो । नेपालगन्ज धम्बोजीमा रहेको 'भेरी मीट सप एण्ड रेष्टुरेन्ट'बाट सोमबार राती साढे ९ बजेतिर रंगेहात उनीहरुलाई नियन्त्रण लिएको अख्तियारले जनाएको छ । नेपालगन्ज- १८ कारकादो स्थित कि.नं. कारकादो १(घ) कि.नं.३३ र ३४ को जग्गाको निर्णय प्रमाणित गरी विक्री गर्ने प्रयोजनको लागि विभिन्न बहानामा घुस रकम माग गरिरहेको भन्ने सूचना एवं उजुरीका आधारमा अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले नियन्त्रण लिएको हो । नियन्त्रणमा रहेका दुवै जनामाथि थप अनुसन्धान भइरहेको अख्तियारले जनाएको छ । Source: http://annapurnapost.com/news/72577

भूमि सुधार कार्यालयका नासु २० हजार घुससहित पक्राउ नेपालगञ्ज, जेठ २४ – अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरले जिल्ला मालपोत कार्यालय बाँकेका कर्मचारीलाई घुससहित पक्राउ गरेको दुईदिनपछि भूमि सुधार कार्यालय बाँकेका कर्मचारीलाई रंगेहात घुससहित पक्राउ गरेको छ । सेवाग्राहीबाट २० हजार रुपैयाँ घुस लिँदै गरेको अवस्थामा भूमि सुधार कार्यालय बाँकेमा कार्यरत नायव सुब्बा शैलेन्द्रकुमार कर्णलाई बुधबार पक्राउ गरिएको हो । कर्णले जग्गा बाडफाँड गर्ने प्रयोजनका लागि विभिन्न वहानामा घुस रकम माग गरिरहेको भन्ने सूचना एवम उजुरीका आधारमा अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय कोहलपुरबाट खटिएको टोलीले बुधबार कार्यालय परिसरबाट घुस रकमसहित नियन्त्रणमा लिई अनुसन्धान भइरहेको सूचना अधिकारी निराजन शर्माले जानकारी दिनुभयो । अख्तियारको कोहलपुरस्थित कार्यालयले हालसम्म २३ जना सरकारी कर्मचारीलाई घुससहित रंगेहात पक्राउ गरेको छ । जसमा १६ जना बाँकेका बिभिन्न कार्यालयका कार्यरत कर्मचारी रहेका छन् । Source: http://ujyaaloonline.com/news/77497/?view=fullsite

प्रधानमन्त्री देउवाले सम्हाले कार्यभार, सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर २४ जेठ, काठमाडौं । नवनिर्वाचित प्रधानमन्त्री शेरबहादुर देउवाले पदभार सम्हाल्दै राष्ट्रिय सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन् ।प्रधानमन्त्री देउवाले शीतल निवासमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहमा पद तथा गोपनियताको सपथ लिएका थिए । लगतै सिंहदरबार आएका देउवाले पदभार सम्हालेका छन् । देउवाले राष्ट्रिय सदाचार नीति बनाउने प्रस्तावमा हस्ताक्षर गरे । यस्तै अन्तर प्रदेश समन्वयनका लागि ‘समन्वय परिषदको सचिवालय गठन गर्ने’ निर्णय पनि गरेका छन् । अब प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यालयमा एक महाशाखाको रुपमा त्यस्तो परिषदको सचिवालय गठन हुनेछ । २०७४ जेठ २४ गते १५:५८ मा प्रकाशित Source: http://www.onlinekhabar.com /2017/06/595215/

कर्मचारीलाई आयल निगमको सवा दुई अर्ब बोनस कर्मचारीलाई आयल निगमको सवा दुई अर्ब बोनस सोमबार, ०८ जेठ २०७४, काठमाडौं- नेपाल आयल निगमले कर्मचारीलाई बोनस बाँड्न सवा दुई अर्ब रुपैयाँ विनियोजन गरेको छ। निरन्तर घाटामा रहेको निगमले विभिन्न बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्था तथा सरकारसँगको ३६ अर्ब रुपैयाँ ऋण तिरेर खुद मुनाफा कमाएपछि बोनस बाँड्न रकम छुट्याएको हो। निगम साधारणसभाले आर्थिक वर्ष ०७२/७३ सम्म कर्मचारीलाई बोनस वितरण गर्न विनियोजन गरिएको दुई अर्ब २६ करोड १७ लाख ६१ हजार रुपैयाँ अनुमोदन गरेको छ। साधारणसभा शुक्रबार सम्पन्न भएको हो। बोनस ऐनमा संस्थान नाफामा गएपछि कर्मचारीले कुल नाफाको छ प्रतिशत वा तीन महिनाको तलबबराबरको बोनस खान पाइने व्यवस्था छ। निगमले इन्डियन आयल कर्पोरेसन (आइओसी) बाट पेट्रोलियम पदार्थ (डिजेल, पेट्रोल, मटितेल, हवाई इन्धन) र ग्यास बेचेर नाफा कमाएको हो। निगम नाफामा गएपछि बोनस खाने बाटो खुलेको हो। खुद नाफाको छ प्रतिशतले हुन आउने रकम बोनसका लागि विनियोजन गरिएको निगमका निमित्त नायबप्रबन्ध निर्देशक नागेन्द्र शाहले बताए। 'ऐनमा भएको व्यवस्थाअनुसार बोनसका लागि रकम छुट्याएका हौं,' उनले भने। http://www.nagariknews.com/news/20434/

Study Findings

Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

Officer, Non-officer and Corruption Complaints Types of Corruption Position Total (N) Officer (%), N = 803 Non-Officer (%), N = 1213 Fake Document Related 11.0 89.0 100.0 (630) Illegal Benefits and Illicit Earnings 66.4 33.6 100.0 (286) Bribery 42.7 57.3 100.0 (260) Fraud 56.0 44.0 100.0 (50) Misuse of Public Property 50.1 49.9 100.0 (485) Procurement and Construction 53.1 46.9 100.0 (305) 39.8 60.2 100.0 (2016) Chi Square 353.835***   Likelihood Ratio 393.003*** Phi and Cramer's V 0.419*** Note: Table generated based on the cases published in CIAA annual reports (2006 - 2015).

Context Analysis Context analysis is a method to analyze the entire environment in which a project/organization operates (internal/external). It is also the impact analysis or outcome analysis of our intervention to any project, program or plan. Types of context analysis SWOT analysis PEST analysis Organizational analysis

Context Analysis The purpose of CA is to analyze the environment in order to develop a strategic plan of action for the project. CA For general sensitization to country context (macro-level country analysis) For identification of specific barriers and opportunities (analysis focused on a sector or cross-cutting issue) For illuminating a particular problem of policy or operations (problem driven analysis)

Why Context Analysis? Projects/programs in some situations become part and parcel of conflict Transfer of resources has an impact on the context Implicit ethical messages are often unrecognized by the providers but could easily be misinterpreted by the recipients.

Context Analysis Roles and responsibilities: Who are the key stakeholders in the sector? What are the formal/informal roles and mandates of different players? What is the balance between central/local authorities in provision of services? (more on Stakeholder Analysis in a moment) Ownership Structure and Financing: Who owns? How is the sector financed? Power Relations: To what extent is power vested in the hands of specific individuals/groups? How do different interest groups outside government (e.g. private sector, NGOs, consumer groups, the media) seek to influence policy?

Context Analysis Corruption and rent-seeking: Is there significant corruption and rent-seeking in the sector? Where is this most prevalent (e.g. at point of delivery; procurement; allocation of jobs)? Who benefits most from this? How is patronage being used? Service Delivery: Who are the primary beneficiaries of service-delivery? Decision-Making: How are decisions made within the sector?

Key Components Of Context Analysis Dynamics Timeline Trend and pattern? Actor Who are the actors involved? Relationship ? Actor map Structure What are the causes and consequences of it? CC tree

Timeline Date/Year Event

Institutional and Legal Provisions to Ensure Ethics in Public Service National Vigilance Centre, 2059; CIAA Establishment, 2047; CIAA Act, 2048; Corruption Prevention Act, 2059; The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063; The Constitution of Nepal, 2072; Good Governance (Management and Operation) Act, 2064; The Civil Service Act, 2049; Good Governance Regulations, 2065; DDC, VDC, Municipality Grant Operation Procedure, 2067; Hello Sarkar Operating Guidelines, 2068; Right to Information Act, 2064; Government Decision Process Simplification Guidelines, 2065; Public Hearing Procedures, 2062; Public Audit Procedure, 2067; Local Body Social Audit Procedure, 2067; Poverty Alleviation Fund Regulation, 2064; Local Self Governance Act, 2055 and Regulations, 2056; Peoples' Participation Based Development Programme Operation Guidelines, 2068; Special Court Act, 2059; Public Procurement Act, 2063; Money Laundering Act, 2064; Revenue Leakage Investigation and Prevention Act, 2052; Impeachment Act, 2059;

Sample Actor Map

Actor Map The Metropolitan Traffic Police Division (MTPD) will fine jaywalkers Rs 200 per person effective from May 30. The MTPD Chief, Deputy Inspector General Mingmar Lama, said the Division would also conduct a road safety campaign to reduce the number of road fatalities after finding that 40 per cent of the total deaths in a year resulting from road accidents involved pedestrians. If you are a pedestrian in Kathmandu, you are definitely in trouble. Footpaths are encroached on by extended shops, be it motorcycle workshops or stationery, and you will hardly find zebra crossings or traffic signals at a convenient place to cross the roads. Needless to say, there are not enough infrastructure and construction in place to ensure pedestrian safety. The MTPD now has scrapped the provision of fining people for jaywalking following Minister for Home Affairs Janardan Sharma’s order to this effect. The MTPD rule had met with severe criticism, and there was a huge public outcry.  Home Minister Sharma summoned Nepal Police Inspector General Prakash Aryal and MTPD Chief Mingmar Lama and directed them to scrap the provision of fining pedestrians. Source: http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-06-14/home-minister-stops-fine-on-jaywalkers.html

Symbols

Sample CC Tree Effects Effects Effects Root causes Root causes Specific conflict Root causes Root causes Root causes

Social Accountability Tools Sample CC Tree Build trust towards public service providers Enhancing accountability and citizen oversight Enhancing accountability and citizen oversight Grievance redress Increase transparency & access to information Promote citizen's engagement Social Accountability Social Accountability Tools

How to be Context Sensitive? Understand the context in which it operates; Recognize the interaction between the project and the context; Act upon this understanding, to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts.

Stakeholder Stakeholder is any person or organisation who can be positively or negatively impacted by, or cause an impact on the actions of a company. (Freeman, 1984) local government, local businesses, powerful community leaders (some may be ‘good’, some ‘bad’), traditional or religious leaders. Stakeholders may include: the local CSOs, community members,

Stakeholder Primary stakeholders are those whose continued participation is considered absolutely necessary for the survival of your organisation. They either directly benefit from the products and/or services that your organisation provides (e.g., clients, patients, pupils), or are directly involved in processes to deliver them (e.g. employees, creditors, suppliers). Secondary stakeholders are not considered absolutely necessary for your organisation’s survival. They can nonetheless have a significant influence on your effectiveness and efficiency (e.g. the media, trade associations, pressure groups and other interest groups). Even remote secondary stakeholders can exert pressure, by calling into question your organisation’s legitimacy and right to exist (i.e. its “licence to operate”).

Stakeholder Analysis The purpose of stakeholder analysis is to find out who has an interest or concern related to a project, an issue or any type of enterprise. It is important to understand each stakeholder’s perspective and interests in order to predict how they behave and potentially have an impact on the project.

Stakeholder Analysis: CASE Please read the case ‘Lights On In Energy- Starved Nepal’ carefully. Identify and list all the stakeholders: Primary and Secondary Time: Reading - 15 Mins List Individually – 5 Mins Group Consultation – 5 Mins

Stakeholder Analysis: CASE Estimate each and every stakeholders’ power and interest (in group) ++ High power high interest +- High power low interest 0 indifferent or neutral -+ Low power high interest - - Low power low interest Time 15 Mins

Stakeholder Analysis: CASE Now, referring to the Stakeholder Analysis Grid (next slide), conduct a stakeholder analysis. Preparation 10 Mins Presentation 5 Mins for each group

Stakeholders Analysis Grid High Interest Low Power, High Interest High Power, High Interest Low Power, Low Interest High Power, Low Interest Low High Power

Stakeholders Analysis Grid High Engage closely and influence actively Interest Keep informed Low Power, High Interest High Power, High Interest Monitor Keep satisfied Low Power, Low Interest High Power, Low Interest Low High Power

Managing Stakeholders Manger may make assumptions that the supports would be available from the stakeholders. Stakeholder management is crucial to perform better directly create an authorizing environment. But ignoring to attend the attitude and interests of stakeholders may spoil the context and they can easily go against our project or reform initiative.

Managing Stakeholders Low Interest High Key Players Low Power High

Managing Spoilers/Key Players Define and identify spoilers from the Stakeholder Analysis Grid The key players can use any of the following powers to spoil your project/reform initiative. Social power Muscle power Administrative power Money power Political power Information power Judicial power Technology power

Managing Key Players Group Work Discuss about the ways spoilers can spoil the project/reform (Use the same case: ‘Lights On In Energy-Starved Nepal’) by using: Social power Muscle power Administrative power Money power Political power Information power Time: 15 Mins Presentation: 5 Mins for each group