Medical Ethics Dr. Raid Jastania

True and False Right and Wrong

Aim and Benefit of Ethics Understand the Boundaries Be Good Enough

How did we reach where we are? (Attitude) Belief Values Principles Concepts Assumptions Directions Behavior Pressure: cultural, society, political, educational….

So What should We Do?

A Suggestion for a Start! Medical Ethics

Medical Ethics Field of applied ethics, the study of moral, values and judgments as they apply to medicine.

Medical Ethics: History Ishaq Rahawi wrote (Conduct of Physician) the first book written in medical ethics Alrazi Jewish thinkers: Thomas Aquinas 18th, 19th century: self-conscious discourse Thomas Percival 1847: The American Medical Association adopted the first Code of Ethics.

Medical Ethics: History 20th century: Liberal Prostant, Joseph Fletcher.. 1960, 1970: Liberal theory, Procedural justice. Bioethics Influence: Review Boards, Evaluate experiments, Ethics Committees….

Exercise 5: Hippocratic Oath

The Declaration of Geneva 1948, amended in 1968, 1983, 1994 and editorially revised in 2005 and 2006: At the time of being admitted as a member of the medical profession: I solemnly pledge to consecrate my life to the service of humanity; I will give to my teachers the respect and gratitude that is their due; I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity; The health of my patient will be my first consideration; I will respect the secrets that are confided in me, even after the patient has died; I will maintain by all the means in my power, the honour and the noble traditions of the medical profession; My colleagues will be my sisters and brothers; I will not permit considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient; I will maintain the utmost respect for human life; I will not use my medical knowledge to violate human rights and civil liberties, even under threat; I make these promises solemnly, freely and upon my honour

Values in Medical Ethics Autonomy: the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment. Beneficence: a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. Non-maleficence: First, Do no harm. Justice: who gets what treatment (fairness and equality). Dignity: the patient has the right to dignity. Truthfulness and honesty: eg. Informed consent. Confidentiality

Values in Medical Ethics الحرية عمل الأفضل منع الضرر العدل الكرامة الصدق السرية

Responsibilities in Ethics Responsibility toward: Patients Colleagues Society

That’s Easy!

Values give a useful framework for understanding conflicts. When values are in conflict, the result may be ethical dilemma.

Let’s Think

Autonomy vs Paternalism

Is treating always beneficial? Autonomy vs Beneficence

Understand risk and benefits. Non-Maleficence Do no harm. Understand risk and benefits. Double effect Informed consent

Can we break confidentiality?

Conflict of Interest Referring patients to tests and receiving benefits Drug companies Treating Family members Sexual relation with patients and relative of patients

The Take Home Message

Take Home Message Think, think, and think….! Watch our Behavior….! Evaluate, Assess….! Why do we do this!! Consider Right and Wrong concept….! Consider change and Improvement….! In short: “Be Good Enough”!