COMPONENTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Dr. Ammar Jusmani MSc. Clinical Microbiology Ibn Sina University of the Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Contents 1)Word Roots 2)Prefixes 3)Suffixes 4)Body Systems, Organs, Tissues, and Cells 5)Commonest Combining Vowel 6)Analyzing Medical Terminology

OBJECTIVES 1)To DEVELOP a “VISUAL RELATIONSHIP” with the human body. 2)To ARRANGE the human body in a structured manner.

Word Roots Word Roots are DESCRIBED as the FOUNDATION, MAIN PART, or THE CENTRAL PART OF THE MEDICAL TERM. They FREQUENTLY DESCRIBE A body ORGAN, TISSUE or CELL.

BODY SYSTEMS There are 11/ 12 body systems in the human body. 1)Nervous System. 2)Cardiovascular 3)Respiratory system 4)MusculoSkeletal system 5)Digestive system. 6)Urinary system.

BODY SYSTEMS contd… 7)Endocrine system 8)Lymphatic system 9)Immune system 10)Reproductive system 11)Integumentary system. Sometimes the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM is split into TWO systems : MUSCULAR and SKELETAL SYSTEMS.

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE VARIOUS BODY SYSTEMS?

COMPARATIVE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Head Skull Inside the head Brain coverings Spinal Cord Cephal/(O) Cranium Encephal/(O) Meninges Myel/(O) COMPARATIVE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nose “Voice box” “Windpipe” Airways of the Lungs ENGLISH LATIN / GREEK Nose “Voice box” “Windpipe” Airways of the Lungs Lung Rhin/ (O) Larynx / (O) Trachea/ (O) Bronchi/ (O) Pulmo/(O) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN / GREEK Heart Blood Vessel Vein Blood Cardi/ (O) Angi/ (O) Ven/(O) or Phleb/ (O) Hem/(O) CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULOSKELETAL ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Bone Cartilage Joint Bone Marrow Tendon(m/b) Bag(shock absorber t/b) Muscles Oste /(O) Chondr/(O) Arthr /(O) Myel/ (O) Ten(O), Tendin/(O) Burs/(O) My/(O), Myos/(O) MUSCULOSKELETAL

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Gullet Stomach Liver Gall bladder(sac) Gall, Bile Esophagus , Esophag(O) Gastr/(O) Hepat/(O) Cholecyst/(O) Chol/(e) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Kidney Water Bladder Collecting ducts Ren/(O), Nephr/(O) Hydr/(O) Cyst/(O) Pyel/(O) URINARY SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/ GREEK Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands These are the primary endocrine glands that produce hormones for the human body. Hypophysis cerebri Ditto Suprarenal gland ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Pancreas Ovaries (in females) Testes(in males) Kidneys Liver ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN /GREEK Uterus Uterine tube Vagina Ovary Menstruation Breast Hyster/(O), Metr/ Salpin/(O), Salpinx Colp/(O) Oophor/(O) Mamm/(O), Mast/(O) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM English LATIN/GREEK Testis Male Prostate Vessel duct Testis, Testify, Testimonial, Testament share a common root meaning. Orchid/(O), Test/(O) Andr/(O) Prostat/(O) Vas/(O) Testis means witness in Latin; witness to manhood. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Gland Immunity Lymph Lymph node Lymphatic vessels Spleen Thymus Aden/(O) Immun/(O) Lymph/(O) Lymphaden/(O) Lymphangi/(O) Splen/(O) Thym/(O) LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

IMMUNE SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK White blood cells White lood cells Neutrally stained Stain blue Stain pink Large eaters Antigen presenting cells B-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Macrophages Dendritic cells IMMUNE SYSTEM

Immune system Innate immune system FUNCTIONS Skin Stomach acid 1)physical barriers 2)chemical barriers 3)Cytokines 4)Complement cascade 5)Fever 6)Antigen presentation Skin Stomach acid Recruitment of cells Identify,kill bacteria To activate the adaptive immune system Immune system

ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM FEATURE FUNCTION Memory Recognition of non-self antigens Development of immunological memory Signature of pathogen on Antibodies is remembered This protects the body from being attacked by its own immune system. ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ENGLISH LATIN/GREEK Skin Upon Fat Black Nail Thick Hard, tough Sweat Cut- Derma- Epi- Lipo- Melan/(O) Onych/(O) Pachy- Scler/(O) Sudor- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

CONCLUSIONS 1) The vowel (O) is the commonest combining vowel in medical Terminology. 2)Word roots commonly refer to body systems, Organs, Tissues.