S1 Science Rocks NEW LEARNING Through evaluation of a range of data, I can describe the formation, characteristics and uses of soils, minerals and basic types of rocks. SCN 3-17a REVISION Having explored the substances that make up Earth's surface, I can compare some of their characteristics and uses. SCN 2-17a

Starter Questions What do you think the Earth is made of? Are rocks: Alive, Dead or Never Alive? Write down 3 words to describe rocks. Assessment Opportunities Questioning on video Selecting info for cloze passage Show me starters HW 2.1

Structure of the Earth Today we will learn to Describe the layers which make up planet Earth We will do this by Listening to a description, drawing a diagram and answering questions. We will have succeeded if We can describe the Earth to an alien (or our parents!). The four parts of the earth. Rocks vary in appearance and properties. Teacher introduction SS1 2.1 p16

Structure of the Earth crust inner core outer core mantle Structure of the earth sheets- consumable

Structure of the Earth Scientists have learned about the structure of the earth from the study of Seismology which is the study of earthquakes. These happen when rocks slip inside the earth often at a weakness called a fault.

Structure of the Earth A – inner core B – outer core C – mantle D – crust

Structure of the Earth A: Inner Core: Mostly iron, dense ________, temperature about ________! B: Outer Core: Mostly iron, dense ________, temperature about__________. C: Mantle: Less dense than _________, temperature about ________. D: Crust: Between __ and 90km thick. Least dense rock, __________ part. solid 5000oC liquid 2000-3000oC core 1000oC 5 coolest

Starter Questions Draw a diagram of the earth and label the core. Which part(s) of the earth’s structure is/are liquid? Why is the part we live on called the crust? Assessment Opportunities Starter questions Recording results in a table Using a key

Learning about the differences between different types of rocks. Today we’ll be….. Learning about the differences between different types of rocks. By the end of the next couple of lessons... You will be able to explain how crystals form inside rocks We’ll do this by…. Examining different rock types, watching a film about how they form, and answering some questions. Magma which reaches the earth’s surface is called lava. Igneous rocks contain crystals. Teacher introduction SS1 2.1 p17 W.C.2.1a Basalt and granite are igneous rocks.

The Rock Circus The Rock Circus Workcard 2.1a and rock circus materials. Identifying Rocks - Consumable

The Rock Circus ROCK Grains? Crystals? Layers? Scratches with ? Bubbles with acid? A B Slight sparkle C D Iron nail & Coin E Fingernail F

The Rock Circus

The Rock Circus A Granite B Sandstone C Slate D Limestone E Chalk F Marble

Starter Questions Describe some of the properties of different types of rocks. What test could you use to rate the hardness of a rock? Which type of rock do YOU think would be best for buildings? Assessment Opportunities Class completion of animation Cloze passage Textbook questions as extension/consolidation

Learning how different types of rock form. Today we’ll be….. Learning how different types of rock form. By the end of this lesson... You will be able to explain how crystals form inside rocks We’ll do this by…. Watching a film about how rocks form, and answering some questions. Igneous rocks are formed from magma cooling. Weathering breaks up rocks. Erosion is weathering followed by transport. Broken rock gets cemented together to form a sedimentary rock. Existing rocks can be changed by heat or pressure to produce a metamorphic rock. Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rocks.

metamorphic rocks slate and marble The Rock Cycle Weathering breaks down rocks. igneous rocks basalt volcano Rocks rise to the surface by uplift and erosion. transportation and deposition sea Magma rises to the surface where it cools rapidly. sedimentary rocks mudstone igneous rocks granite high pressure and temperature slow solidification metamorphic rocks slate and marble magma melt

Sedimentary Rocks How They are Made Wind and water break down existing rocks Bits of existing rock settle in lakes and rivers Layers are formed and build up as the existing rocks stick together Pressure and time turn the layers to sedimentary rock

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Mudstone Sandstone Limestone Gypsum Coal Rock Salt

Metamorphic Rocks What are They? Rocks that have changed They were once igneous or sedimentary Pressure and heat changed the rocks The newly formed metamorphic rock can have different properties to the rock it was formed from

Types of Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss marble Slate Mica schist

Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years and For Many Things

What type of Rock are the following made from ? The White House Taj Mahal Made from sandstone then painted white Made from Indian marble

Starter Questions Name 3 different types of rock found in the earth. Pick one type of rock and describe how it is formed. Why do you think some rocks have crystals in them? Assessment Opportunities Workcard 2.1b Rock cycle sheets - consumable

Learning how crystals form in igneous rock. Today we’ll be….. Learning how crystals form in igneous rock. By the end of the lesson... You will be able to explain why crystals in rock are different sizes. We’ll do this by…. Doing an experiment to cool hot liquid and examining what it looks like afterwards. Igneous rocks contain crystals. Rate of cooling affects the size of crystals. Basalt and granite are igneous rocks.

Crystals in Igneous Rock

Crystals in Igneous Rock

Crystals in Igneous Rock The crystals in igneous rock form as the hot magma (lava) cools down. Different sized crystals form because the magma cools at different rates in different places, dependent on the temperature.

Hard Rock Investigation S1 Earth & Rocks Topic Hard Rock Investigation Assessment Opportunities Planning (PFT) sheet. Graphing skills assessment on bar chart

Apparatus used Slabs of different types of rock labelled with their name and whether they are igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary A steel ball bearing A transparent plastic tube 60cm long and just wide enough to let the ball bearing fall freely down it Something else Using the apparatus above, including something else, design an experiment to measure the hardness of different rocks. HARD ROCK INVESTIGATION – Planning assessment and reporting on sample results.

Height ball bearing bounces (cm) Hard Rock Results Name of Rock Type of Rock Height ball bearing bounces (cm) Slate Metamorphic 22 Chalk Sedimentary 15 Granite Igneous 58 Basalt 47 Marble 45 Limestone 43 Gneiss 35 Serpentine 23 Sandstone 38

Hard Rock Results Plot, Label, Units, Scale, size

Starter Questions What important features should always be present and correct in a graph? How is metamorphic rock formed? Give an example of a metamorphic rock. Assessment Opportunities Questioning Following instructions/practical skills Extension work p22 SS - questions

Learning how fossils form in sedimentary rock. Today we’ll be….. Learning how fossils form in sedimentary rock. By the end of the lesson... You will be able to explain how fossils were preserved on the sea bed. We’ll do this by…. Doing an experiment to look at how fossils were preserved and discussing fossils Fossils are traces of prehistoric life. Fossils can give an indication of the environment at the time of their life. Fossils are made in several stages after time and pressure

Has our country always been here? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/fossils-on-streedagh-beach-in-ireland/7792.html Most of our country is made from sedimentary rock – what does this tell you? Our land was once underwater! Teacher introduction SS1 2.2 p22 W.C.2.2c Homework 2.2

Fossils Fossils are traces of prehistoric life. They are plants or animals that were buried in sediment and preserved. Usually it was the print that was left – the rock in the shape of the animal or plant. The types of fossils in an area give clues to the area’s history.

Starter Questions Write down the stages involved in the formation of a fossil. Draw a diagram to represent each stage. What type of rock are fossils usually found in? Assessment Opportunities: Starters Numeracy skills for calculation  Complete Revision Sheets

Learning what soil is made of. By the end of the lesson... Today we’ll be….. Learning what soil is made of. By the end of the lesson... You will be able to explain what the three main components of soil are. We’ll do this by…. Doing an experiment to heat soil and weighing it before and after. Origin and components of soil. Experiment to analyse soil Different soil types

Soil What do you think soil is made up of? It doesn’t look like much, but it is full of life http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/what-is-soil/2215.html

What is Soil Made of? Soil is made up from broken down rocks. Soil also contains air, water and humus (dead animal and plants which have slowly rotted away) There are different types of soil: clay soil & sandy soil The best type of soil is called LOAM THIS IS A SOIL THAT CONTAINS SOME CLAY, SAND AND LOTS OF HUMUS.

Soil Experiment Measurement made Result (g) Weight of dish and soil before drying (a) Weight of dish and soil after drying (b) Weight of water lost (a-b) Weight of dish and soil after heating (c) Weight of humus lost (b-c)

What is Soil Made Of? Soil is produced when rock breaks down. The type of soil depends on the type of rocks broken down. Clay soils have lots of tiny grains of clay stuck closely together. Sandy soils have larger grains with bigger air spaces between them. Humus is made from rotting plant and animal remains. It breaks down to give useful minerals which plants can use as food. The best type of soil is called LOAM . This is a soil that contains a small amount of clay, some sand and lots of humus.