Module 6: NIR Measurement NIR Safety Awareness Module 6: NIR Measurement

Resources for NIR Instrumentation IEEE C95.3 - 2002 Measurements and Computations …100 kHz-300 GHz IEEE C95.3.1 – 2010 Measurements and Computations …0 Hz to 100 kHz Light Measurement Handbook (International Light) Instrumentation Vendors

Considerations for NIR Measurements What are you aiming to measure? Define the potential exposure areas and population. Define the work flow process Select instrumentation to match field conditions Frequency (wavelength), Power Multiple Emitters?

Considerations for NIR Measurements II ________________________________

Static Field Considerations Desired Instrument: 3-axis Hall Effect Gaussmeter Single axis Hall Effect probe/instrument can be used Probe Orientation critical (X, Y, and Z) To calculate total field Use: Btot = [(Bx)2 + (By)2 + (Bz)2] -1/2

Sub-Radiofrequency Considerations Electric Field: Displacement Current Sensor Measure current between two conductive plates Sensor needs to be small compared to field to avoid shape effects Sensor needs to be isolated from body (tripod, fiber-optic link)

Sub-Radiofrequency Considerations II Magnetic Field: Loop: Measurement of induced current Directional Sensitive Hall Effect: Measurement of voltage in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field Also directional, axial and transverse response Not as sensitive as Loop

Radiofrequency Considerations For Frequencies < 300 MHz, Both the E and H Fields Need to Be Measured Two Major Types of Detectors: Diode Temperature sensitive Response Issues in Pulsed or Multi-frequency Fields Thermocouple Potential for probe burnout, temperature sensitive

Ultraviolet Considerations Detector Sensitivity at UV Wavelengths Linear, stable, and durable Filter Match the ACGIH TLV® Criteria Input Optics Uniform response to capture all light Radiometer: Portable, Battery Operated

Static Field Measurements F.W. Bell 5180 1 mG to 30 kG DC to 25 kHz Readout: Gauss, Tesla, or Amps/Meter Choose axial or transverse probes

Static Magnetic Field Measurements

Sub-Radiofrequency Measurements ETS-Lindgren HI-3604 ELF Survey Meter 30 – 2000 Hz E: 1 V/m - 200 kV/m, B: 0.2 mG - 20 G 

Sub-Radiofrequency Measurements II Narda STS: ELT-400 1 Hz to 400 kHz B: 32 µT to 80 mT (Isotropic) Direct Evaluation Against ICNIRP Standard

Magnetizer Measurements

Radiofrequency Measurement Narda-STS NBM 550 Variety of Isotropic E and H Probes to cover 100 kHz to 60 GHz Shaped Probes for FCC and ICNIRP Standards Data Logging, Averaging, and GPS Capability

RF Personal Monitor Narda-STS: Nardalert S3 Personal Alert and Data Logging Functions 100 kHz to 50 GHz, Output as “% of Standard” Can be used as a data monitoring array

UV Hazard Radiometer International Light ILT 1400 w/SED 240 Probe and T2ACT5 Filter – Direct Reading of Effective Irradiance

NIR Survey Process Check instrumentation before and after survey. Fields and Currents measured under typical exposure conditions. Start from a calculated “safe” distance. Utilize whole body averaging techniques when you have whole body exposures. Remember minimum measurement distance

NIR Survey Process II Extent of hazardous and potentially hazardous areas (both on and off site) Presence of Ionizing radiation. Control techniques which will effectively reduce potential hazards. Any other situations which might create a hazardous area (chemicals, noise, high voltage)

NIR Survey Process III Survey Report Document Should Include Emitter Description, Use, and Parameters Potentially exposed population description Selection of standard criteria Calculations Map of survey Area Instrument descriptions and calibration data Summary of survey results and observations Recommendations

Questions?

NIR Safety Program Use S&IH TS 3.4-170-07/IEEE C95.7TM-2014 We Have Gone Through Most of the Six Steps that outline the quick-start procedure for implementing a NIR Safety Program

Quick-Start Six Steps Why is a program needed? What compliance criteria should be used? What are the sources and potential population Evaluate the potential exposure Determine hazard category Implement Controls as Needed

Implementing the Program So far we have focused on Steps 1-5 Now we focus on Step 6, implementing controls and the overall NIR Safety Program Program Components are Listed in Table 3 of C95.7

Safety Program Categories Administrative Identification of Hazards Controls Personal Protective Equipment Training Program Audit

Program Implementation: RF Heat Sealer Units Several RF Heat Sealer Units are being transferred to your facility. UV curing units may be transferred as well. Safety reports from the previous location indicate a history of RF burn incidents. RF Measurement of 213 V/m is also indicated on a report. Do we need a program?

Administrative Policy Document Safety Officer (Program Administrator) Responsible for all aspects of program Documentation/Recordkeeping Employee Involvement Measurement assistance, workflow practices Safety Committee Procurement control

Identification of Hazards Complete an inventory of NIR hazards – as discussed in Module 4 Evaluate exposure – as discussed in Modules 5 and 6

Controls Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Equipment configuration Physical barriers Administrative Controls Signs (Follow IEEE C95.2-1999 and ANSI Z535-1998) Safe Work Practices Lockout Source control

Administrative Controls II Time Averaging Typically used in occupational environment where users have been trained/informed Can be used with general public Use of Personal or Area Monitors Placement and appropriate use key to effective control

Personal Protective Equipment Selection of PPE Gloves, hood, insulated shoes, protective suits (RF) Gloves, lab coat, eyewear (UV) Maintenance of PPE Inspect PPE for damage before use

Training Awareness Training Explanation of limits Mitigation controls Medical devices and implants Over-exposure response Electro-explosive device considerations Sources of additional information

Over-Exposure Response Possible Symptoms: pain, reddening of skin, elevated body temperature, tissue burn, evidence of medical device malfunction Seek Medical Attention and Inform Safety Officer Incident Report should include exposure assessment/reconstruction Document Incident and any remedial actions

Program Audit Periodic (annual) reviews of the program to identify and resolve potential deficiencies Periodic screening to ensure field conditions have not changed Check on engineering controls

Questions?