Low-Carbon Emission Agriculture Plan - ABC Plan- Edson J. Leite Forester Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil

Avoided deforestation Grain Had Brazil kept the same technology of the 1960s, it would have taken over 145 million hectares of land,i.e.,195 million ha Production +847% X + 127% Avoided deforestation 1960 2011 Population (Millions) 70 190,7 Grain Production (millions of tonnes) 17,2 163 + 847% Area (millions ha) 22 50 + 127% Productivity (kilograms per hectare) + 321,5% 0,783 3,3 1 = 10 millions of inhabitants 1 = 10 millions of tonnes 1 = 300 kilograms per hectare

Avoided deforestation Had Brazil kept the same production technology of the 1960s, it would have allocated more than 474 million hectares of land to pasture, i.e., 642 million ha Livestock +251% Cattle Cattle +41% Area Avoided deforestation 1960 2011 Cattle 58 204 (million of cattle - animal) + 251% Pasture area 122,3 172 (millions per hectare) Productivity 0,47 1,2 (heads per hectare) 1 = 10 millions of inhabitants 1 = 10 millions of tonnes 1 = 300 kilograms per hectare

Foreign Trade 1960 BRAZIL 2012 BRAZIL 215 DESTINATIONS Exporter US$94,5 billion Exporter 215 DESTINATIONS 1960 BRAZIL FOOD IMPORTER 2012 BRAZIL Source: SECEX/MDIC

CHALLENGES TO AGRICULTURE World: Population growth  Brazil: Increasing agricultural exports; Consumption standard x Production standard ; Recovery of Degraded Areas; Elimination of illegal deforestation; Rational and efficient use of water resources;

CHALLENGES TO AGRICULTURE Compensation for environmental services; Carbon Credit; Demand for a safe and certified food; Sustainable Agriculture; Greenhouse Gases (GHGs); Global warming and climate change; Land tenure issues, particularly in the Amazon; Adaptation and Vulnerability Reduction.

Sustainable practices in agriculture: Planted forests Recovery of degraded areas No-Tillage System Biological Nitrogen Fixation Treatment of animal waste SAF’s 7

Integration Systems’ and Conservation Practices’ Benefits Increase of carbon retention; GHG emissions reduction; Reducing the needs for new deforestation areas; Soil quality and productive recovery; Reduction of rainwater runoff and soil erosion; Greater infiltration of rainwater; Decrease of soil water evaporation; Costs Production Decrease and Income increase;

Integration Systems’ and Conservation Practices’ Benefits Low pests incidence - less water and pesticides use; Production Improvement: variety features; Market and climate risks minimizing; Animal welfare - trees presence; Organic soil components and soil microfauna improvement; Technologies adapted to small, medium and large farmers.

ABC Plan origin During the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (COP-15) held in 2009, in the city of Copenhagen, in Denmark, the Brazilian Government committed itself to, until 2020, reduce their emissions of Greenhouse Gases between 36.1% and 38.9%. The fulfillment of this goal involves the following actions: A reduction of 80% in the rate of deforestation in the Amazon and 40% in the Cerrado. 2) Expand the adoption of sustainable practices in agriculture, through the following technologies: Recovery of degraded pasture ; Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF) and Agroforestry Systems (SAFs); No-Tillage System (NTS) ; Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) ; Planted forests ; and Treatment of Animal Waste. 3) Increase energy efficiency by the use of biofuels, hydropower supply and alternative sources of biomass, wind and small hydropower plants, and use in steelmaking coal from planted forests 10

Preservation X Production Vilela, 2005 Elvison (MS), 2012 contribution Integreted System and Sustainable production pratices Contribution Preservation Sustainable Production

Thank You! Edson J. Leite Forester Reasearcher at Embrapa seconded to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil Tel.: +5561 3218-2448 Email: edson.leite@agricultura.gov.br 12