WORLD WAR I War to End All Wars
The Great War Over 20 million killed Total War The War to End All Wars
Causes of WWI Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance system
The Background Great Britain- Queen Victoria 1837-1901 Revolutions of 1848 Garibaldi unites Italy in 1861 Napoleon III 1848-1852 1852-1870 Russia
Deutschland Otto Von Bismarck- Foreign Minister King Wilhelm War with Denmark- Schleswig and Holstein 1864 1866 Austria
Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 Napoleon III Treaty of Versailles 1871 Alsace-Lorraine Second Reich Kaiser Wilhelm I Chancellor Bismarck
Alliances: Bismarck’s fears War on Two Fronts Dual Alliance 1882 Triple Alliance Russian Accords Britain
1888 Kaiser Wilhelm I, Frederick Wilhelm I, Wilhelm II Fires Bismarck in 1890
The Alliances Two alliances- Triple Alliance and Triple Entente Powder Keg
Crisis “Sick man of Europe” Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina 1894 Dreyfus Affair Moroccan Crisis 1905 and 1911 Balkans War 1909-11 “Sick man of Europe” Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
Crisis in the Balkans Austria-Hungary- Franz Joseph Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie to Sarajevo June 28, 1914
The Black Hand What was it? Gavrilo Princip
The Worst Wrong Turn Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie June 28, 1914
The Spark Emperor Franz Joseph Russia and Germany Austrian Ultimatum July28, 1914 Austria declares war
Germany’s Plan Schlieffen Plan Alfred Von Schlieffen The Right Arm
The French Plan 17 Invasion at Alsace and Lorraine Élan
The War Begins Willy/Nicky letters August 1, 1914 Propaganda
Britain Enters August 4, 1914 Belgium BEF The US? Woodrow Wilson
The First Battle of the Marne Sept 1914 Belgians fight Russians Taxicab Army Another Wrong Turn
Western Front New Weapons- Industrial Revolution Stalemate War of attrition Trench Warfare- “No Man’s Land”
New Weapons Machine gun, barbed wire, poison gas, airplane, zeppelin, tank, submarine
The Sides Central Powers Allied Powers
Trench warfare 500 miles Switzerland to the North Sea Conditions in the Trenches Rats…millions of them Over the top
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Battles Tannenberg- The East- 1914 Verdun- Petain-1917 Somme-1915 Ypres- 1914, 1915 Passchendaele-1917 The Tank and the Plane
Eastern Front Russian losses More movement
The Commanders France- Joffre, Petain, Foch Britain-Haig Germany- Hindenberg and Ludendorff
The Middle East Lawrence of Arabia Gallipoli- 1915- Winston Churchill
The Atlantic U-boats Unrestricted Submarine warfare Lusitania Woodrow Wilson Sussex Pledge- 1915
1917 French Army Mutiny Britain was near surrender Germany was starving Russia was near collapse Peace without victory US was in Mexico chasing Poncho Villa
US Enters the War 1917 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Zimmerman Note “Make the World Safe for Democracy” April 2, 1917
US Army? “Black Jack” Pershing Convoys Propaganda Total War and Bonds Rationing
Russia drops Out Feb 1917 Revolution V.I. Lenin Nov 1917 Communist Revolution Brest-Litovsk Treaty
Last Chance Eric Ludendorff and Paul Von Hindenburg 2nd Marne John J. “Blackjack” Pershing Ferdinand Foch
End of the War Germans Run out of gas Doughboys- Alvin York Muese-Arrgone Offensive Wilson’s 14 points November 11, 1918
Lost Empires Germany, Austria, Russia, Ottomans
Paris Peace Conference 1919 Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando What did each want? Who is not there? League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles What did it state? The Guilt Clause
New Maps Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Palestine, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon
US Isolationism
Doomsday Flu Spanish Flu
Results Set up for the rise of Hitler Set up World War II Japan, Germany, and Italy 20 million killed
Armenian Genocide 1915-1920