Motivation 1 1

Overview Definition of Motivation Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 2 2

Webster’s Definition MOTIVATION: An impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action. Kanfer’s View: Motivation is anything that provides: Direction Intensity Persistence 3 3

Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. Motivation Defined Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. MOTIVATION IS INTERNAL 4 4

Motivation’s Three Steps Begins with need Action to address need Need satisfied

Motivation Defined Motivation Chain Ability Desire Reward 5 5

Psychological Schools of Thought Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect motivation Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 6 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8

Supervisory Qualities Enhanced by Knowing - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior And - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Survival Clothing Food Shelter

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

Safety Physical Safety Psychological Safety Home Health Job Retirement From Harm Insurance Savings

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8

Belonging Approval Love Acceptance Warmth

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8

Esteem - Ego Recognition Worth Status Self-respect

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 8 8

Self-Actualization Self-Fulfillment Personal Growth Realizing Potential

Reminder A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

McGregor’s Theory X and Y

McGregor’s Theory X People, by nature, don’t like to work People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work People prefer to be told what to do People resist change People are gullible and not overly intelligent

McGregor’s Theory X Hard Approach Coercion Tight controls over behavior

McGregor’s Theory X Soft Approach Satisfying People’s Demands Achieving Harmony

McGregor’s Theory Y People may actively seek work instead of avoiding it People prefer participative management People prefer setting their own goals People seek responsibility

McGregor’s Theories: A Comparative Snapshot Theory X External control Hard and soft approach Theory Y Internal or self-control Environment approach Create opportunities

Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated Start with a goal or mission Make the task clear Match the people with the task Remove the roadblocks Give positive feedback

Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated Give more responsibility when appropriate Let people work independently Recognize achievements / contributions Don’t make promises you can’t keep Be a good role model

Summary Definition of Motivation Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 2 2