Character: Revealing Human Nature Methods of Characterization

How does a writer build a character out of words, someone who will seem to become flesh and bones and rise off the page, a fully realized Ebenezer Scrooge.

“Bah!” said Scrooge. “Humbug!” Creating Characters Character’s SPEECH- (tone of voice and word choice) Think of how some people reveal their values by using words that always allude to what things cost, rather than to how pleasurable or beautiful they are. Reading the characters’ dialogue in a story is like listening in on a conversation: “If they would rather die,” said Scrooge, “they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.” “Bah!” said Scrooge. “Humbug!”

Writers also use APPEARANCE to create character. We can tell so much simply from the way a writer describes how a person looks and sounds. Charles Dickens lets us see Scrooge at once: “The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice….” Clearly, Dickens wants us to think of Scrooge as a character whose cold heart is reflected in his whole appearance.

In fiction a writer can even take us into the characters’ minds to reveal their PRIVATE THOUGHTS. In this sense fiction has an advantage over real life. We might learn that one character detests his brother’s drinking or that another one sympathizes with his father for his troubles at his job. We might learn how one character secretly feels when he sees the bully picking on the smallest kid in the schoolyard or how another feels as she watches her grandmother’s coffin being lowered into the ground. Private thoughts are not guarded because they are not intended for an audience; what characters say may be only an abbreviated or censored form of what they actually think!

Dickens tells us how Scrooge affected other people: We can learn about characters by watching how other characters in the story feel about them. Dickens tells us how Scrooge affected other people: “Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks. “My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me?” No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o’clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways…”

Most of all, we understand characters in fiction from their actions, from what we see them doing. How would you react to a girl of 16 who, when you first meet her in a story, is dyeing her hair green? How would you react to another who, at five-thirty in the morning, is out delivering newspapers? What characterizations would account for these actions: A character who misplaces something- A character who cheats at cards- A character who types all homework- A character who stars in school play- A character who offers to clean the garage for an elderly couple-

Scrooge, when we first meet him on Christmas Eve, is working on his accounts-an action that instantly reveals his obsession with money.

Direct Characterization Some writers use direct characterization too! This means that a writer tells us directly what a character is like or what a person’s motives are. In a famous listing of adjectives, Dickens tells us directly what kind of person Scrooge is: “Oh, but he was a tightfisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scrapping, clutching, covetous old sinner!” In “A Christmas Memory” Truman Copote tells us “She is still a child.”

INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION Modern writers do not tell us much directly about their characters. They most often use the first five methods listed here: Methods of INDIRECT characterization: SPEECH APPEARANCE PRIVATE THOUGHTS OTHER CHARACTERS’ FEELINGS ACTIONS

Indirect Characterization This means that a writer shows us a character but allows us to interpret for ourselves the kind of person we are meeting. In fiction, as in life itself, it is much more satisfying to discover for ourselves what characters are truly like.

Determining Methods of Characterization Methods of Indirect Characterization: WORDS-The character is revealed through his/her own speech. “If only I could, Buddy. It’s bad enough in life to do with out something you want…what gets my goat is not being able to give somebody something you want them to have.” What do these words reveal about Buddy’s friend? Generosity

Actions The writer shows what the character does-how he or she acts. Buddy’s cousin gives whiskey to a 7 year old and the dog. “Child like” not responsible

APPEARANCE The writer describes how the character looks and dresses. “A woman wearing tennis shoes and a shapeless gray sweater over a summery calico dress.” Reveals the character is indifferent to style

Thoughts The character’s private thoughts are revealed. “And when that happens, I know it. A message saying so merely confirms a piece of news some secret vein had already received…”

Effects on Other People The writer reveals what other characters in the story say or think about a character. “Well, there’s a lovely man…” Reveals that Haha Jones is a decent man for giving their money back .

Direct Characterization The writer directly states what kind of person the character is: sneaky, honest, evil, innocent, kind, and so on. “The other buddy died in the 1880’s, when she was still a child. She is still a child.”