Measuring sea ice thickness using satellite radar altimetry

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring sea ice thickness using satellite radar altimetry Rosemary Willatt Seymour Laxon, Katharine Giles Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) UCL

Presentation Contents What is sea ice? Satellite radar altimetry success unresolved issues My PhD Results Future work

What is sea ice? Telegraph.co.uk (2007)

Why is sea ice important? Sea ice forms when sea water freezes. Reduces heat/moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere It affects the Earth’s albedo. Large volume of stored fresh water.

Sea ice in the thermohaline circulation Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2007)

Satellite Radar Altimetry Satellite-mounted radar Ice thickness calculation: 1) Signal transmitted downwards 2) Signal reflected back off water and ice 3) Measure height of ice above water 4) Calculate ice thickness using assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium

Radar Penetration Radar altimeter: measure sea ice freeboard Penetration: assume reflection is from snow/ice interface Ku-band (13.5 GHz) radar penetration through Antarctic and Arctic snow

Satellite radar altimetry – success in Arctic (winter) Laxon et al. (2003)

Satellite radar altimetry – issue of penetration Penetration of radar through snow cover? Proven in laboratory, not in the field Arctic results indicate penetration to snow/ice interface Antarctica variable temperature and wind conditions complex snow pack

Antarctic – can satellite radar altimetry be used? Giles et al., 2008 Used satellite radar altimetry data to derive ice elevations Compared with the ASPeCt dataset Pattern of ice elevation was in good agreement Altimetry-derived ice elevations were too high one suggestion by authors is that radar return originates from between air/snow and snow/ice interfaces

My PhD Issue of penetration of radar into snow cover Antarctic study: fieldwork in Antarctica Arctic study: airborne radar data CryoSat (ESA) - launch in December 2009

Antarctic Fieldwork Six week trip to Antarctica Investigating radar penetration into snow cover Gathering data in 4.5-17.5 GHz band using sledge-based radar

Experimental setup

Analysis radar measured air/snow interface snow/ice interface

Dominant scattering surfaces in radar return echoes Analysis: air/snow interface, layer in the snow pack or snow/ice interface dominant scattering surface in the radar return echoes snow/ice interface 30% air/snow interface 43% within snow pack 23% ambiguous 3% Mean depth of dominant scattering surface of radar ~50% mean measured snow depth Willatt et al., in press

Current project Future work Radar penetration into Arctic snow cover Airborne data from ASIRAS Data obtained in May – snow conditions typical of those in Arctic winter? Future work Simulation of ASIRAS echoes – also for SIRAL (CryoSat) Use of altimetry data (other bands, radar and laser) to measure Antarctic sea ice thickness

Thank you! Any questions?

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