Chapter 13 Section 1: What is an Animal? Animals and Behavior Chapter 13 Section 1: What is an Animal?

The Animal Kingdom Scientists have named about 1 million species of animals. Scientists have divided all of these species into 35 phyla and classes. Vertebrates are all animals with a skull and a backbone. Invertebrates are animals without backbones. ¼ of all animal species are beetles!

That is an animal? All animals share characteristics that set them apart from all other living things. Animals have many cells (multi cellular). Animals usually reproduce sexually. Animals develop from embryos. Animals have many specialized parts (tissue/ organs) Animals Move Animals are consumers (organisms that eat other organisms) Some animals like sponges and starfish can reproduce asexually by budding and division.

Animal Behavior Section 2

Survival Behavior In order to survive an animal must find food, water, avoid being eaten, and have a place to live. Animals have adapted to their surroundings in order to obtain the most food using the least amount of energy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wDKr959FvY

Avoid being eaten Animals that eat other animals are known as predators. Animals that get eaten are known as prey.

Animal defenses Hiding out: Some animals avoid getting eaten by blending in with their environment. This is called camouflage. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzvlvTM4EGg&feature=fvst

In your face Animals may defend themselves with physical attributes like the horns of a bull or quills of a porcupine, others use chemicals (skunk). Many animals with poisonous chemical defenses have “warning coloration.”

Why do they behave that way? Some animals instinctively know what to do (innate behavior), others have to learn (learned behavior). Innate ability examples: Humans walk, earthworms burrow, newborn whales can swim, birds can sing. Learned: Human speech, young animals learn by watching their parents.

Seasonal behavior World travelers: many animals migrate when food becomes scarce due to winter or drought. Some animals hibernate. Hibernation is a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature, usually in the winter. Estivation is reduced activity and body temperature in the summer. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpY4frpheWw

The rhythms of life A biological clock is the internal control of natural cycles. Daily cycles controlled by biological clocks are called circadian rhythms. Most animals wake around the same time of day and get sleepy around the same time at night. This is an example of circadian rhythm.

Navigation When it is time to migrate, animals must be able to find their way from one place to another. Some animals navigate using landmarks. Others can use the position of the sun and stars as a map. Others still can sense the magnetic pull of the earth’s poles. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BT8e5ld2CJ0

Living Together Section 3

Communication Social behavior is an interaction between animals of the same species. In communication, a signal must travel from one animal to another, and be responded in some way. Many animals defend their territory, or land. Communication helps animals live together, find food, and protect their homes. Courtship is a special behavior of animals that leads to mating. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPfq1urFCyQ

How do animals communicate? Pheromones: One method of communication is chemically. Animals release chemicals for others to smell. Sound: Many animals communicate by making noise. Showing off: animals can communicate with body language Getting in touch: Some animals communicate by touching one another. Ant experiment- the death pheromone. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpokpdM7PeI

We are family Living in a group Benefits: large groups of animals can quickly spot predators and allow predators to hunt larger game. Downside: Animals living in groups attract predators, so they always have to be on the lookout. They also need more food, can transfer diseases, and compete for mates. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53wkmwpIGCA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFTBFDPfMh8