Viking Invasions 793-1016.

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Presentation transcript:

Viking Invasions 793-1016

Coins of Offa

Discuss Campbell

What does Charlemagne’s letter to Offa tell us according to Campbell? Why does the period of Mercian dominance appear to have been very violent and even tyrannical? What likely caused the decline of Mercian power, according to Campbell?

How does Campbell characterize England during Offa’s reign? Royal power was becoming increasingly concentrated The Vikings had begun to rule the island Paganism was enjoying a brief comeback Relations between Mercia and Charlemagne were unusually tense

Why was the period of Mercian dominance apparently violent and even tyrannical? The Mercians did not establish written laws? The sources that we have were victims of Mercian aggression Sources indicate that Mercian kings never really embraced Christianity The Mercians developed a centralized government that Campbell referred to as absolutist state.

What likely caused the decline of Mercian power, according to Campbell? Viking invasions Dynastic instability Lack of Christian piety Revolt by the Britons in Wales

Beowulf composed late 700s? Written c. 1000

How does the poem describe Beowulf as a warrior? How does the poem describe Beowulf as a king? What was Beowulf’s religious orientation?

In what sense is the story a tragedy? How was the story instructive? How might it have been influenced by Danish invasions?

Viking Invasions 793-1066

Long Boat

Viking Drakkar

Viking Invasions of the British Isles

Sites of Early Viking Incursions: Lindisfarne and Iona

Ruins of Lindisfarne Priory

Viking coins

Viking spearheads & axes found near London Bridge

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle first composed c. 890

Alfred the Great 871-899

Guthrum’s Peace c. 886

The Burghal Clusters

Relative Size of Alfred’s Burhs

Early Shire Structure approx. 30 shires. C. 950

Writs

King Edgar, c. 973