eBusiness Technology Task 1 Kickoff Michael I. Shamos, Ph.D., J.D. Director, eBusiness Technology MSIT Carnegie Mellon University EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Outline Ubiquitous Computing Internet of Things (IoT) IoT Technologies Sensors Radio Frequency ID (RFID) Healthcare applications EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous (from Latin ubique, meaning “everywhere”) Ubiquitous computing = computing everywhere All around the environment, not just on a desktop or laptop Typically implemented by wireless devices EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Industry 4.0: The Fourth Industrial Revolution SOURCE: SIEMENS AG

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) SOURCE: JAIST

Sensors and Actuators SOURCE: HARBOR RESEARCH

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Sensors May be battery powered or derive energy wirelessly May use wireless or wired communications May be active or passive May push information or be polled for information (“pull model” “Smart objects are small computers with a sensor or actuator and a communication device, embedded in objects such as thermometers, car engines, light switches, and industry machinery. Smart objects enable a wide range of applications in areas such as home automation, building automation, factory monitoring, smart cities, structural health management systems, smart grid and energy management, and transportation.” From IPSO Alliance WP #1. Dunkels and Vasseur Google glass Camera sensor SOURCE: CISCO EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Wireless Sensors Ultra-Compact Temperature & Humidity Barometric Pressure Ambient Light Uses Building monitoring Precision agriculture Forest fire detection Animal tracking SOURCE: BOB HEILE EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Sensors FITBIT EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Industry 4.0 SOURCE: CAPGEMINI EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Industry 4.0 Smart Factory CPPS = CYBER-PHYSICAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM M2M = MACHINE-TO-MACHINE SOURCE: CAPGEMINI EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Industry 4.0 Smart Factory SOURCE: ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Industry 4.0 Supply Chain RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIER LOGISTICS MANUFACTURER CUSTOMER END USER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCE: CAPGEMINI EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Some Industry 4.0 Technologies End-to-end (E2E) process management Smart, autonomous assets 3D printing & virtualization New digital business models Digital workflows and platforms Human interaction Big data Logistics systems across the networked industry SOURCE: PROF. DR. ANDRÉ LUDWIG EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Soon Everything Will Be Smart SOURCE: PROF. DR. ANDRÉ LUDWIG EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Smart Objects A small, usually low cost, computer that may contain: A sensor that can measure physical data (e.g., temperature, vibration, pollution) An actuator to control a physical device (e.g., change traffic lights, rotate a mirror) A communication device to receive instructions, send data or possibly route information This device is embedded into an objects (to make it smart) For example, thermometers, car engines, meters SOURCE: CISCO EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Smart Object Constraints Smart objects are highly constrained in: Physical size CPU power Memory (few tens of kilobytes) Bandwidth (Maximum of 250 KB/s, usually lower) Power consumption is critical If battery powered then energy efficiency is paramount Batteries might have to last for years Wireless capabilities based on Low Power & Lossy Network (LLN) technology Smart Objects don’t have much of anything to spare. Everything is resource is precious – they are constrained in size, CPU cycles, memory and wireless bandwidth Ofcourse the most important aspect is power consumption – if they operate on batteries then you don’t want to be changing a battery every few months they have to last for a very long time. The wireless technology they use are based on Low Power Losy Networks or LLNs – the most predominant technology in that area is 802.15.4 (from the same family as Bluetooth) The role of IEEE 802.15 Smart Utility Networks (SUN) Task Group 4g is to create a PHY amendment to 802.15.4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints. SOURCE: CISCO EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Low Power Lossy Networks (LLNs) Large number of highly constrained devices (smart objects) interconnected by mostly wireless links of unpredictable quality LLNs are used in many different applications: Industrial Monitoring, Building Automation, Connected Home, Healthcare, Environmental Monitoring, Urban Sensor Networks, Energy Management, Asset Tracking, Refrigeration World’s smallest web server The key to an LLNs lots of constrained devices connected by link for unpredictable quality. There are a few groups in the IETF specifically working on LLNs… Also we cannopt forget about the IPSO alliance that is driving interoperability SOURCE: CISCO EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Connected Devices Projection 2003 2010 2015 2020 500 Million 12.5 Billion 50 Billion 25 Billion Connected Devices Connected Devices Per Person 0.08 1.84 6.58 3.47 World Population 6.3 Billion 6.8 Billion 7.6 Billion 7.2 Billion More connected devices than people (Conservative) 2008 In 2003, there were approximately 6.3 billion people living on the planet and 500 million devices connected to the Internet. (Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010; Forrester Research, 2003). By dividing the number of connected devices by the world population, we find that there was less than one (0.08) devices for every person. At this time, the Internet of Things (the point when more things are connected to the Internet than people) didn’t yet exist because the number of connected “things” was relatively small given that ubiquitous devices such as smartphones including the Apple iPhone were just being introduced. Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO, in fact, unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007 at Macworld 2007. (Source: Wikipedia, 2010). Between 2007 and today, the number of connected devices ballooned due to advances in smartphones, tablet PCs, and so on. This explosive growth brought the number of devices connected to the Internet to 12.5 billion in 2010, while the number of people living on earth increased to 6.8 billion. (Sources: Cisco IBSG, 2010; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Cisco IBSG believes the Internet of Things was born between 2008 and 2009. Today, the Internet of Things is well underway, as initiatives such as planetary skin, the smart grid, tablet PCs, and intelligent vehicles take hold and flourish. Looking to the future, Cisco IBSG predicts there will be 25 billion devices connected to the Internet by 2015 and 50 billion by 2020. This growth will come largely from future initiatives such as sensor networks and connected buildings. It is important to understand that Cisco IBSG’s estimates for connected devices do not take into account any unforeseen advances or innovations in Internet or device technology. The numbers presented here are based solely on applying what we know to be true today. In addition, the number of connected devices per person may seem low. This is because we are basing our calculation on the entire world population, many of whom are not connected to the Internet yet. By reducing the population sample to the number of people actually connected to the Internet, the number of connected devices per person goes up dramatically. For example, we know that approximately 2 billion people use the Internet today. (Source: World Internet Stats, June 30, 2010). Using this figure, the number of connected devices per person is 6.25 in 2010 instead of 1.84. Note Calculations are based on number of connected IP devices. Source Detail Forrester Research (From Inforworld story dated March 10, 2003, titled, “Forrester CEO: Web services next IT storm”) http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/forrester-ceo-web-services-next-it-storm-873 Today about 500 million devices are connected, by the end of the decade there will be billions of connected devices, including cars, phones and many other electronic devices. –George Colony, Forrester Research founder and chief executive officer Internet World Stats Internet Usage Statistics, The Internet Big Picture, World Internet Users and Population Stats, June 30, 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, “Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050,” (Data updated 6-28-2010) http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone Jobs unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007 at Macworld 2007. Apple was required to file for operating permits with the FCC, but since such filings are made available to the public, the announcement came months before the iPhone had received approval. The iPhone went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined up outside the stores nationwide. The original iPhone was made available in the UK, France, and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the spring of 2008. Methodology Cisco IBSG determined the number of connected devices per year by applying the theory of Moore’s Law (or the doubling of processing power every 5.32 years) to the estimated number of connected devices in 2003 according to Forrester Research. The number of connected devices was then divided by the world population as determined by the U.S. Census Bureau to come up with the number of connected devices per person. ### SOURCE: CISCO EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Cisco Confidential Cisco IBSG © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Smart Buildings Internet AC power sub-meters Gas/Water sub-meters Dashboards Internet AC power sub-meters Gas/Water sub-meters Temp, Hum., Light, CO2 sensors Outdoor temperature Relay nodes Routers SOURCE: CISCO

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Smart Manufacturing Business Systems, ERP Customer Supply Chain Distribution Center Smart Factory Dynamic plant configuration, readiness Dynamic product configuration Dynamic inventory minimization Smart Grid SOURCE: ROBERT GRAYBILL EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

The Internet of Things Energy Monitoring Metering Smart Metering Mainenance Monitoring

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS How RFID Works Tag enters RF field RF signal powers tag Tag transmits ID, plus data Reader captures data Reader sends data to computer Computer determines action Computer instructs reader Reader transmits data to tag Antenna Tag Computer RFID Reader SOURCE: PHILIPS EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Radio Frequency ID (RFID) Inventory Reader RFID Surgical Clamp EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

SOURCE: PRECISION DYNAMICS RFID Form Factors WRISTBANDS SMART CARD PRINTABLE LABEL KEY FOB SOURCE: PRECISION DYNAMICS EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

SONY METRO READER/WRITER RFID Readers USB READER PCMCIA CARD SONY METRO READER/WRITER FITS IN THE SECURE DIGITAL SLOT OF A PDA HANDHELD (WIRED OR BLUETOOTH) EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS 52

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Active RFID VERSUS PERSONNEL TAG ACTIVE WRISTBAND AXCESS ACTIVE DOT RANGE: 1000 FEET EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Hitachi -chip 0.4mm 0.4 mm square 128-bit storage Range: 1 foot Embedded antenna Small enough to put in currency SOURCE: HITACHI EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Euro Banknotes European Central Bank is now implanting RFID tags in banknotes Uses Anti-counterfeiting Tracking money flows U.S. passports now have RFIDs EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

SOURCE: SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN (2008) Hitachi RFID “Powder” 1/64 the size of a -chip! HUMAN HAIR SOURCE: SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN (2008) EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

An RFID System Architecture Distributed ’Edge’ Sites Running BizTalk® RFID Device Layer RFID Readers Barcode Scanners PLCs, etc. Physical Layer RFID tags, barcodes Biometric systems Environmental sensors, etc. RFID and Sensor Services Manage Devices at the Edge Add Context and Turn Raw Events into Business-Process–Relevant Information Interpret Events at the Edge Through Filters, Rules a Alerts Business Intel BAM for Process BI SQL/SQL BI for Data Analytics Business Applications Connect to Multiple LOB Apps Orchestrate Business Processes Apply Business Logic Mobile RFID Devices running BizTalk RFID Mobile SOURCE: MICROSOFT

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS ANT+ = proprietary sensor net protocol Continua = a healthcare technology alliance SOURCE: TIMEDICAL EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS 52

Internet of Health Proteus Pill Consumption Continuous blood Tracking AgaMatrix Glucometer Continuous blood chemistry patch Wireless EEG Sotera Visi-Mobile iRhythm cardiac sensor EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

NFC Medical Sensing Devices Glucose Sensor For Diabetes iMPak RhythmTrak Announced May 2012 $39.95 Sends ECG to Android phone EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Networked Body Sensors

Body Monitoring Sensors Monitors movement during sleep. View/upload via NFC phone in the morning Monitors glucose levels, controls medication pump Swallowable Camera EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Patient RFID Reader SOURCE: SIEMENS EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Intelligent Pharmaceuticals May 18 EKG ETC. ON SMARTPHONE INGESTIBLE RFID PILL SKIN PATCH RECEIVER IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONICS AT SUB-MILLIMETER SCALE SOURCE: PROTEUS Page 38

Real-Time Hospital Locating Systems May 18 SOURCES: SECUREDGE& INFINIIUMSOLUTIONZ EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Page 39

CardGuard Wireless Healthcare System SOURCE: CARDGUARD EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Hospital Process Monitoring SOURCE: PRECISION DYNAMICS EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

IoT Deployment Months to learn, prototype and develop a system SOURCE: XIVELY EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

Internet of Everything Cisco: 99.4% of things that should be connected aren’t Predicting 200-800 Billion Devices in 10 years SOURCE: HARBOR RESEARCH

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Review Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things technology Review medical RFID and sensor applications (there are many) Develop 4 IoT systems for UPMC Estimate development, deployment and operating costs for your Food Service application You must THINK BIG And BE CREATIVE EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS

EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS Q A & EBUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TASK 1 FALL 2016 © 2016 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS