Interest Groups Madison’s Federalist #10 and the “mischiefs of faction” Pluralism.

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Interest Groups Madison’s Federalist #10 and the “mischiefs of faction” Pluralism

Types of Interest Groups Economic (Business, Professional, Labor) Ideological/Single-issue Public Interest/Research Groups (PIRGs) Foreign policy Government

Interest Group Resources Size Unity Organization Activism & Mobilization Money

Washington’s Big 10 Fortune’s list of most powerful groups: NRA AARP Nat. Fed. Of Ind. Business AIPAC Assn. of Trial Lawyers AFL-CIO Chamber of Commerce Nat. Beer Wholesalers Assn. Nat. Assn. of Realtors Nat. Assn. of Manufacturers

Purposes & Functions of Interest Groups Promoting Agenda Education of Public Election of Favorable Candidates Mobilizing Membership

Interest Group Strategy Shape policy to be consistent with group goals, while Maintaining support within the group and avoiding the “free rider” (Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action)

Interest Group Tactics Lobbying Revolving door Iron Triangles Endorsements PAC Contributions Soft money vs. hard money McCain-Feingold 527s Initiating Litigation Amicus curiae

Lobbying: A Big Business In 1968, 62 lobbyists in D.C. In 2005, 34,000 lobbyists in 4,755 firms From 1998-2004, $13 billion spent on lobbying The Revolving Door in Congress Congressmen make ~$150k year; as lobbyists, former congressmen can count on $300k (after 1 year “cooling off” period) 240 members of Congress have become lobbyists (40 for pharmaceuticals alone) Currently 6 former members of Fed. Energy Regulatory Commission work for oil companies China has spent $20 million in direct lobbying efforts since 1997 Numbers are from Lou Dobbs’ War on the Middle Class, 2006, Ch. 3