Project Planning and Implementation Dr. R Bista Ms Gyan Laxmi Shrestha Basic Administration Project 2017

Project Planning Project planning decides in advance the scope and activities, design and technological plan, environmental plan, financing plan for the project, Management plan, time planning and resource plan of project

Budgeting Project in Terms of Time To determine completion date for any project, it is necessary to timetable all the activities that make up the project.

Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical structure to logically sub-divide all the work elements of the project into graphical presentation This is similar in structure to an organisation structure, also called organisation breakdown structure A project can be logically sub-divided by project phases, location, tasks, sub-contractors etc.

Uses of WBS It helps to visualize the scope of project clearly It helps to develop a complete lists of activities of the project It helps to estimate budget for the project

Work Breakdown Structure and Description Foundations 1.1.1 Wall/Roofs 1.1.2 Piping 1.2.1 H/C Water 1.2.2 Wiring 1.3.1 Fitting 1.3.2

Estimating Completion Time of Activities With the break down of work, Identify activities to be performed. Time estimation for each activity Technical sequencing of activities Gantt Chart Preparation Total Time required to Complete Project

Preparation of Gantt Chart One of the oldest and still one of the useful methods of presenting information The purpose of the Gantt Chart is to aid the time scale planning and sequencing of tasks in a visual form that can be grasped easily by the manager

Network Techniques 1. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) 2. Critical Path Method (CPM) Both methods are developed in late 1950s CPM uses a deterministic approach which suits a project whose time duration can be accurately predicted. PERT uses a probabilistic approach and Expected time of of each activity in PERT = a+4m+b 6 Where, a = most optimistic (shortest) time, m = most likely time, b = pessimistic (longest) time

Critical and Non Critical Activity Network diagram helps to identify critical and non critical activities. Critical activities are the activities of a project that do not have any slack time and any delay to complete them will delay the project completion time.

Gantt chart showing critical activities B C Activities D E F G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Weeks (Activities shown with dotted lines are non critical activities)

Resource Planning To complete project in time with minimum resource, careful planning of resource is necessary to identify the required resources Resource requirement should match with resource supply So resource planning not just means estimating resource requirements but also matching with supply, getting resource at minimum possible price and meeting quality requirement

Resource Estimation Estimate resource requirements of each activity of the project (Material, labour, machines) Compile resource requirement for each activity on early start bar chart Compile the resource availability

Resource Estimation Cont…. Compile the resource availability Draw the resource histogram Compare resource forecast with resource availability and report overloads and underloads. Smooth resources by moving activities with in their slack Re-schedule the planning bar chart

Quality Plan We hear many news of under quality of our projects. If projects are not completed within desired/or planned quality, we can not assure that project will generate heavier benefits than costs. Designing quality specifications inputs and outputs as per required and procuring resources as per specification is vital for project success.

Prepare Procurement and Cash Requirement Plan To match the resource requirement schedule, necessary procurement plan needs to be prepared Cash requirement planning can be made with outflow of cash schedule

Financing Plan Deciding and arranging finance required to construct/implement project.

Preparation of Final Schedule Based on the availability of resource, schedule will be updated to make it final With this schedule resource planning should be re-arranged

Project Implementation Once preparation is completed, finance is assured and design is finalized, project is forwarded for implementation. During project implementation phase, Project is put into action. Roads will be contracted and built, project activities will be started and completed, project output will be produced. So this is the investment phase of the project.

Outputs of Project Implementation The output of the implementation phase is the new road, new hydropower capacity, new bridge, New hospital department, new irrigation system, Trained manpower, new product etc.

Project Implementation For timely implementation of project, projects are divided into work packages and activities. Estimation of activity time, estimations of activity cost, preparation of time schedule, preparing project budget and procurement plan are to be decided in advance. Project management team works hard to achieve scheduled physical progress of project and to complete its scope.

Factors Affecting Project Implementation Transfer of Project Staff Poor procurement and Contract management Financial management problems Political pressures Scope changes Local support Regular monitoring and control etc.

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