1. Charlemagne’s Empire 2. New Invaders Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 Notes 1. Charlemagne’s Empire 2. New Invaders

Warm up Middle Ages 815-1215AD Look on the map on page 372. In the 800’s one major Christian kingdom, the Frankish Empire, ruled a huge portion of western Europe. This kingdom reached great heights under the rule of Charlemagne. By 1215 many kingdoms in Europe had divided, others had become unified, and even more had become Christian. 1. What do you think caused the political boundaries in western Europe to change between 815-1215? 2. What do you think happened during the Middle Ages to allow Christianity to spread so far in such a short period of time?

13.1- Building Empire Building an Empire The Early Carolingians Since the fall of Rome the empire(476 AD) Europe had been on the decline. The Early Carolingians Franks ruled much of western Europe under the control of the Carolingians Charles Martel- not king but political leader , ruler, and war leader His son Pippin III would take the throne from the Frankish King and crown himself ruler. Gained new land for the Franks Throne passed down in 768 to his son Charles…. Aka Charlemagne.

13.1-Building a New Empire Charlemagne’s Rise to Power Success came from military power When he went into battle and defeated a land he brought them under his kingdom and formed alliances with local leaders Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne for help when the papal state was being attacked by the Lombards Papal State- region in Italy under the control of the Pope Charlemagne went to help the Pope and defeated the Lombards 799 people displeased with Pope Leo ran him out of Rome Charlemagne escorted the Pope back into power and as a thanks the Pope named Charlemagne emperor The title made it seem like Charlemagne had restored order to Rome That Charlemagne’s rule had the full backing of the church

13.1- Building a New Empire Charlemagne’s Rule Empire to large to rule So he est. a permanent capital at Aachen (now in Germany) There he built a huge cathedral He appointed counts to rule parts of the empire Took an oath to obey Charlemagne and carry out his decisions for the kingdom Counts were given large tracts of land and given considerable authority Charlemagne appointed inspectors to keep tabs on the counts. They helped ensure that counts remained loyal and that the empire was well run.

13.1- New Society Education He encouraged education He wanted leaders to be educated Ordered churches to start schools Scholars taught classes on religion, music, grammar, and other subjects Scholars copied ancient text to the schools and sent them to monasteries around Europe for monks to copy and distribute If this was not done many of these famous works would most likely have been lost

13.1- New Society Religion Law End of Charlemagne He wanted to create a unified Christian Church He ordered those he conquered to convert to Christianity under penalty of death Law He honored the traditional laws of the tribe he conquered He had many of these laws recorded because they were previously only oral laws. Enforced Christian Law End of Charlemagne Unfortunately When Charlemagne died in 814 the empire lost its center. He had not set up a strong enough gov’t and bureaucracy Regional Kings grew stronger Charlemagne's Three grandsons fought over who would rule Split into three kingdoms Invaders began weakening Western Europe

Charlemagne’s Achievements Politics- Unified Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome Education- Built schools and preserved ancient writings Religion- spread Christianity Law- Developed legal code

13.2 Notes New Invaders

13.2- The Vikings Origins of the Vikings Once Charlemagne died the Empire was unstable and new invaders came into the Frankish Empire Vikings came in from the North- Norway, Denmark, and Sweden Looking for new food and wealth Viking leaders decided to take what they needed from other people…. Thus began the Viking raids Viking society was rural and agricultural Most Vikings farmed and fished Population grew and food grew scarce Thus they decided to take what they neede d from others

13.2- The Vikings Viking Raids Vikings had excellent navigation and shipbuilding skills which allowed them to cross many oceans to search for wealth Vikings attacked England and France first and then expanded to all of Europe All over Europe people were afraid because they had no warning when the Vikings would attack They pillaged lands, towns, homes, and people There favorite target were monasteries

13.2- The Vikings Viking Settlements Some Vikings were explorers instead or raiders Some settled in Iceland in 700’s Vikings survived in Iceland much longer than In Europe Explorers reached Greenland in 982 Then Canada a hundred years later under the leadership of Leif Eriksson Also settled in France under the leadership of Rollo who made a deal with the King of France to stop raiding in exchange for land which is now know as Normandy

13.2- The Magyars Magyars Magyars- originally from the Asia raided and attacked the east Rode and skilled on horseback Settled in Hungary Never attacked heavily defended towns Once they had a permanent home they could not outrun their opponents and were eventually crushed by King Otto the Great n the 900’s

13.2- The Muslims Muslims Muslims came into Europe in the 711’s as conquers and invaded Spain Capital Cordoba become one of the wealthiest and most culturally advanced cities of the medieval world Muslims ruled in the Iberian Peninsula for more than 700 years It was a place of religious tolerance In 800-900’s Muslim began small raids in Italy and France They destroyed many ancient artifacts and churches like Saint Peter’s Basilica They also cut off trade routes from Byzantine into the Mediterranean. Also trade routes from Italy and eastern allies The pope had little choice but to turn to the Franks for protection which shifted the power in western Europe