Aim #42: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes?

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Aim #42: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes? Date: January 19th, 2017 Aim #42: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes? HW: Quarterly Exam on Wednesday 1/25 Aim #’s 21-41 Unit 3 (Cells and Cell Transport) & State Lab- DTM Unit 4 (Photosynthesis and Respiration) Unit 5 (Genetics) Do Now: Take-out “Life According to Sam” Worksheet

Aim #42: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes?

1) What is biotechnology? The use of organisms to perform practical tasks for humans. Bacteria, help us make yogurt & cheese. Yeast, helps us make bread & wine.

2) What is a genome? Complete set of an organism’s genetic material. The Chromosomes, DNA, & the Genes which are all found in the Nucleus.

3) What is a Gene? A gene is a sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for ________ protein. one

4) What is DNA Technology? The branch of biotechnology where scientists actually manipulate (alter) the genomes of organisms at the molecular level.

5) Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits? DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits.

6) What are some examples of DNA Technology? Cloning DNA Fingerprinting Recombinant DNA GMO

7) Scientists often use bacteria & viruses in DNA Technology How do bacteria reproduce? Asexual Reproduction Does that lead to variation in offspring? No, it leads to clones

8) Human Genome Project: In 1990, advances in DNA technology enabled scientists to completely sequence the human genome. A rough draft was complete in 2000.

9) Steps of the Human Genome Project: Sequence the DNA (order of the bases). Regions of DNA that code for proteins (genes) must be distinguished from non-coding regions. 3) The functions of the resulting proteins must be determined. 4) Develop a map of the human genome.

Human Genome Project Scientists studied and mapped the human genome (determined the entire nucleotide sequence of DNA).

Why is this so important? Comparing human sequences with those from other species provide insight into evolutionary relationships. Identifying genes will aid in diagnosing, treating,& preventing common ailments.

TED ED Human Genome Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvuYATh7Y74 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsIF-cmoQQ