Sound Effects/Devices ALLITERATION RHYME/RHYME SCHEME ONOMATOPOEIA ASSONANCE REPETITION You do not have to write down the examples as long as you know and understand the sound effect/device.

ALLITERATION The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more adjacent words or stressed syllables. For example the line from the poem, Darkness Lost: From somewhere far beyond, the flag of fate's caprice unfurled,

RHYME Words that sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. A word always rhymes with itself. LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

RHYME SCHEME In most traditional poetry, the rhyme is organized in patterns called rhyme schemes. a pattern of rhyming words or sounds (usually end rhyme, but not always). Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern.

Sample rhyme scheme A B C A mighty creature is the germ, Though smaller than the pachyderm. His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race. His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases. Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ. -“The Germ” by Ogden Nash

A Clumsy Young Fellow Named Tim There once was a fellow named Tim whose dad never taught him to swim. He fell off a dock and sunk like a rock. And that was the end of him. What is the rhyme scheme of this poem?

Poem with rhyme & rhythm “The Porcupine” By Ogden Nash Any hound a porcupine nudges Can’t be blamed for harboring grudges. I know one hound that laughed all winter At a porcupine that sat on a splinter.

Poem without rhyme & rhythm Any hound that touches a porcupine Can’t be blamed for holding a grudge I know one hound that laughed all winter long At a porcupine that sat on a piece of wood What do you think? Which one did you enjoy reading?

onomatopoeia The use of words that sound like what they mean. Words represent sounds. Buzz Purr Bang Crash

assonance The repetition of vowel sounds in words close together. David made his way to the lake. Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing. - From “Dauber: a poem” by John Masefield Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep. - From Othello by William Shakespeare

repetition The use of a sound, word, phrase, clause, or sentence more than once.

Graphic elements of poetry Line Line Break Refrain Stanza

LINE A line of poetry is similar to a sentence and ends when the poet begins a new line (line break)

Line break The intentional end of a line of poetry.

Refrain Group of words repeated at key intervals in poems. Similar to a chorus in a song

stanza Division of a poem composed of two or more lines characterized by meter, rhyme, and number of lines. Similar to a paragraph in a story.

Lyrical Narrative Free Verse Epic Limerick Haiku Forms of poetry Lyrical Narrative Free Verse Epic Limerick Haiku

Lyrical poetry Short poems expressing personal feelings and emotions that may be set to music and often involves the use of regular meter. Short poem (only a few lines, 1-2 stanzas) Usually written in first person point of view Expresses an emotion or an idea, or describes a scene Does not tell a story and are often musical

Narrative poetry Poetry that tells a story to entertain. Longer b/c it tells a story AND the poet needs to establish characters and a plot (beginning, middle, and end) Example: “The Highwayman” by Alfred Noyes

Elements of narrative poetry character setting conflict plot

Example: See “Fog” by Carl Sandburg Free verse poetry Does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables Does NOT have rhyme Very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you Example: See “Fog” by Carl Sandburg

Epic poetry A long narrative poem, usually telling the deeds of a folk hero and written using both dramatic and narrative literary techniques. Example: John Milton’s Paradise Lost

Limerick poetry A B What is a limerick, Mother? A five line poem with rhymes in line 1, 2, and 5, and then another rhyme in lines 3 and 4 What is a limerick, Mother? It's a form of verse, said Brother In which lines one and two Rhyme with five when it's through And three and four rhyme with each other. - untitled and author unknown A B

HAIKU poetry Japanese style poem written in three lines that do not rhyme Focuses traditionally on nature Lines respectively are 5 syllables, 7 syllables, and 5 syllables Whitecaps on the bay: A broken signboard banging In the April wind. -untitled haiku by Richard Wright