Oct. 4, 2016 Goal: Analyze the foreign policies of four progressive presidents QOD: Review H.W. Why did Twain switch? PPT and organizer *****HAVE HW OUT FROM LAST NIGHT**** HW: What does imperialism look like today Article for what’s up Wednesday

With a partner List 5 strongest countries in the world today. List 5 weakest countries in the world today.

What makes them strong? What makes them weak?

What makes them weak?

What do you see?

IMPERIALISM - definitions 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire. 2. Imperialism =more powerful nation takes over less advanced Area.

POWERFUL NATION USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY Advanced Economy (Industrial) Strong Government Considerable Military Strength

The “Less Advanced” Area CHARACTERIZED BY Primitive economy (pre-industrial) Underdeveloped natural resources Weak government Limited military power *Imperialism has also been called Colonialism

BACKGROUND - Imperialism US. Imperialism – response to European Imperialism 1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide: a) cheap supply of raw materials b) a market for the mother country’s goods

2. Other Causes: a) secure essential military bases & war materials b) provide an outlet for surplus population c) provide safety - missionaries spread Christianity d) bring to the backward areas the “blessings of the civilized culture” of the West [Europe & USA] E) spread democracy HOW DO WE GO ABOUT THIS?

A Splendid Little War Or War of 1898 Or Spanish American War

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) Causes of the War: 1. Spanish ruled over Cuba A. Spain denied civil liberties & political rights B. Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions

#HowDidThisAllGetStarted Cuba asks for our help!

3. ECONOMIC INTERESTS A. American merchants traded with Cuba to the amount of $100 Million a year B. American investors placed $50 million in sugar and tobacco plantations.

#TheBeginningOfTheWar We supported Cuba during their Revolution against Spain We had a lot of money invested in Cuba. (farms, mining, sugar plantations) Spanish had put Cubans in concentration camps. These were camps that kept people under Spanish control Americans objected to this

#ConcentrationCampPolicy In 1896, General Weyler of Spain implemented the first wave of the Spanish concentration camps that sent thousands of Cubans into those camps Cubans had 8 days to relocate, disobeying meant death

#HorridConditions The housing in these areas was typically abandoned, decaying, roofless, and virtually uninhabitable Food was scarce and famine and disease quickly swept through the camps By 1898, 1/3 of Cuba's population had been forcibly sent into the concentration camps. Over 400,000 Cubans died as a result of the Spanish Policy

225,000 Cuban civilians died in 18 months 1896-97

Reconcentrados

Hearst v. Pulitzer Competing newspapers Needed a big story Hearst says “give me the pictures, I will supply the story”

4. “Yellow Journalism” A. William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal B. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World C. Both Newspapers sought to increase circulation by sensationalized news stories. 3) Hearst’s Journal printed the Delome Letter Spanish ambassador calls McKinley “weak”

5. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898 A. American battleship visiting Cuba blown up 260 Americans killed B. Cause: probably fire in a coal bin C. But, American public goaded on by the Yellow Press – blames SPAIN

Yellow Journalism- Sensationalized or Exaggerated News Stories (USS Maine)

Why Do You Think Headlines Like This Sell?

Are We Persuaded by What We Read? How do we know who’s telling the truth? With one partner, create an exaggerated headline and short story (paragraph) about lunches at RV

So Why Did We Get Involved in the Spanish American War To free Cuba from Spanish rule

The Spanish-American War Pops Off in the Philippines We had a fleet under the command of Adm. George Dewey stationed in Hong Kong Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and tore that place up. He defeated the Spanish fleet of 10 or so ships without a single casualty Battle took about three hours Our ships were better quality than Spain’s

Rough Riders – San Juan Hill

Splendid Little War The War ended in August of 1898. Next stop Puerto Rico. We took Puerto Rico in 2 weeks. The fighting sparked again in the Philippines until 1902 when we colonized this country. More people died from disease in this war than bullets. 380 combat deaths, 2,060 from illness

Platt Amendment - post-war Followed Sp – Am War Cuba must accept for US to withdraw Cuba could not allow foreign powers to control it USA could lease land for naval base – Guantanamo Bay

Protectorate Cuba becomes a Protectorate of USA Protectorate = a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger nation

Terms - Treaty of Paris - 1898 Spain agreed 1) CUBA independent 2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA 3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million

Foreign Policies of McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson Presidents’ Beliefs

William McKinley Beliefs Moral responsibility to Christianize and civilize those who were not Main interest – to secure the will and interest of the average working man The “people” should get what they want Wanted to expand the frontier – continue “manifest destiny” 1897 - 1901

Theodore Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Big stick = military International negotiations backed by threat of force U.S. has moral responsibility to “civilize” weaker nations Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine) U.S. can use “international police power” in Latin America to prevent European nations from intervening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFNgY9BdVRk 1901 – 1909

William Howard Taft Wanted to expand American trade Dollar Diplomacy “Substituting dollars for bullets” Maintain orderly societies abroad by increasing investments in foreign economies 1909 - 1913

Woodrow Wilson Wanted Foreign Policy based on principles rather than materialism “Moral Diplomacy” Hoped to spread democracy, condemn colonialism, and promote peace Hoped "to cultivate the friendship" w/ LA Help other nations achieve self-government eventually U.S. model (democracy) 1916 Platform vowed not to go to war 1913 - 1921