chapter 16 Politics and Sport

Chapter Outline Government in Physical Activity and Health Government in Sport Government in Promoting Identity and Unity Among Citizens Nationalism and Sport Sport in Promoting Social Values Politics Within Sport Summary

In the United States, what role does the government play in physical activity, health, and sport?

Role of Government in Physical Activity (PA) and Health U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Links information on PA and quality of life Sets recommendations for PA 1950s Council on Youth Fitness President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (created in 1961)

Role of Government in Sport Designated the USOC but does not provide its funding Intervenes when there are scandals or social issues in sport (MLB steroid use and drug testing) Protects rights of Americans Promotes equal opportunities Protects financial interests of the public

Government’s Use of Sport to Promote Identity and Unity Cities work to attract pro teams to increase the attractiveness of the city Sport unifies strangers and provides topics of conversation Sport promotes collective identity through apparel Cities and countries hold special sporting events

Nationalism and Sport Patriotic symbols and colors at international competitions National anthem played before games Army–Navy game Expression of loyalty in hard times Historical Olympic boycotts

Use of Sport to Promote Social Values Capitalist society Competition, hard work, winner Socialist society Teamwork, fitness, friendship

Sport and Society Sport distracts from difficult times of life (distraction = passivity) Sport helps retain the status quo (male dominance, traditional values) Sport can change society (Muhammad Ali, Arthur Ashe, Billy Jean King) Sport can promote politicians (photo opportunities, athletes turned politicians)

Politics Within Sport Organizations Sports are run by international or national governing bodies (NGBs). If there is more than one organization for a particular sport, each struggles for control. Federations have less control so their role is confusing. The NCAA has unchecked control. It is difficult to create new professional leagues or tours.

Summary Governments exert some power over sport to protect citizens in different domains. Sport can also be used by governments and politicians to promote values, status quo, and popularity. Sport events are often synonymous with displays of nationalism. Politics are also very evident within sport.

On Deck… Questions and comments Assignments and readings Next chapter: Deviance and Sport Rule breaking Violence, drugs, eating disorders, hazing, gambling