what for are these gadgets and machines. A mower cutting and collecting the grass A camera A telephone A typewriter A calculator is for …… A talking alarm clock A dishwasher A microwave oven To wake up people/ to cook food/ to carry calculations/ to tell the time/to type information/ to wash dishes/ to take photographs/ to receive and make calls

HAVE BEEN MADE BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS GREAT INVENTIONS HAVE BEEN MADE BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS What were these inventions? What other inventions were made along the same line within that period of time?

• In what country was …… invented? Ivan Kulibin. Who was … invented by? • In what country was …… invented? • When was …… invented? In 1779 the Russian inventor Ivan Kulibin made a lamp that produced a very bright light. In 1783 the Swiss physicist Argand added the glass chimney(ламповое стекло) to the lamp.

• In what country was … invented? V. Petrov. Who was … invented by? • In what country was … invented? • When was …… invented? On November 23, 1802, Russian scientist V.Petrov discovered the electric arc(дуга). But his discovery remained unknown in the West. In 1811Humphry Davy, the British scientist, discovered the arc again and called it the voltaic arc.

• In what country was invented? Alexander Lodygin. Who was ……… invented by? • In what country was invented? • When was ……… invented? A young Russian engineer, Alexander Lodygin made the first successful light bulb (лампочка) in 1873. In 1877 Thomas Edison learnt about the lamp, improved and later patented it.

Mendeleyev, Tsiolkovsky In 1875 Mendeleev put forward the idea of building a high-altitude balloon (стратостат). Shortly afterwards, in 1886, Tsiolkovsky designed an all-metal dirigible.

Mozhaisky In 1878 Mozhaisky designed the first aero plane. The aircraft was tested on August 1, 1882. It was only in 1903 that two Americans Orville and Wilbur Wright built an aero plane like Mozhaisky’s.

The Cherepanovs. In 1814 George Stephenson invented the steam locomotive. In 1829 in Russia the Cherepanovs, father and son, invented and build a steam locomotive better than George Stephenson’s.