Research design II Peeter Ross Katrin Gross-Paju Master´s thesis Research design II Peeter Ross Katrin Gross-Paju

Aim and timelines Aim is to support planning and execution of master´s thesis

Timelines 14.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Introduction Research questions General recommendations for MA thesis Parts of research Participants 21.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 What is your research question? Topic of your MA thesis Designing your research – methods overview 28.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 What is your research question? Topic of your MA thesis Designing your research: good clinical practice 05.10 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Literature overview Finding your sources

presentations 23.11 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Aim, goal for MA thesis Importance of the topic Research questions Literature overview

Experience from res design I Topic Problems Personal reflections of your project

MA thesis – previous experience

Title/topic for your MA thesis Research question Title/topic for your MA thesis

Key questions What are my strengths? What is your research about? Goal Knowledge Access? What is your research about? Short summary - one sentence Key questions Interesting Gap in literature Decision making aid Goal MA thesis Timelines Original research + written text ready in 8 months Resources, funding Time resources Funding opportunities

Subject of the thesis 1. Subject of the thesis The subject of the thesis has to be related to the program and specialisation subject – Health Care Technology..

Formal requirements I 2. Requirements for the thesis 2.1 Thesis language has to be the same as study language – English. 2.2 Thesis should be up to 50 pages (not including any appendix pages). 2.3.1 the title page should contain: a title page in Estonian is also necessary, it will be added after the English title page. On the English and Estonian title page reverse page must be the authors declaration and supervisors resolution (please see appendix 1 and 2). 2.3.2 Thesis content should contain all headlines with page numbers. Introduction, conclusion and references page is inserted without the page numbers, but is included in the content. Also all appendixes must be listed in the content.

Thesis is made up: title page content page introduction thesis main part conclusion abstract references page appendix pages

Formal requirements II 2.3.3 Thesis introduction is formatted according to the main part of the thesis. Introduction is 1 to 2 pages and should include the thesis subject or the problem statement, reasons for choosing this topic and its actuality. 2.3.4 Main part of the thesis must give a thorough overview of the subject set problems used methods Results analysis/discussion Conclusions all the most important outcomes to the set problems if the goals where reached and what was concluded cannot include new details that are not included in the main part Capacity 1-2 pages

Appendixes 2.3.6 Abstract contains thesis main focus, methods and results in detail but very shortly (to 1 page). Abstract doesn’t contain any opinions related to the thesis. Abstract must be also in Estonian. 2.3.7 Reference page contain all materials used to write the thesis (books, articles, sources). All resources must be indicated as used. 2.3.8 Appendix pages are usually materials that support the thesis as tables, articles, pictures. Appendix pages are added to the end of the thesis

Formal requirements III Literature review - information about selected topic Why it is important What is know about the problem? How it is studied earleier? Why I study this question(s) Earlier studies Follow up Comparative studies Research questions Methods Validated methods Validated questionnaires Participants Not pre-selected Results General results Subgroup analysis….

Formal requirements IV Discussion In the same order Literature review In the order of introduction Results with comments in the same order as in results General results Subgroup analysis With comments - discussion of literature Conclusions In the same order as research questions Conclusions should reflect done research/results In the same order as results

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Research design II Peeter Ross Katrin Gross-Paju Master´s thesis Research design II Peeter Ross Katrin Gross-Paju

Proposed topics (Janek Metsallik, Peeter Ross) Cartography of digital health applications on Estonian market Setting the goal of the cartography, design/selection of cartography models, design of application cartography card, collection of facts about applications, discussion on future role and ownership of the cartography. Comparison of EHIS standardization to IHE XDS Affinity Domain Description of digital health standardization in Estonia, overview of IHE XDS profile and international use, comparative analysis of standardization practices, discussion feasibility of IHE XDS implementation on EHIS Layered model of interoperability of digital health in Estonia Selection of holistic interoperability models, cartography of interoperability means in Estonian digital health, evaluation of gaps and overlaps in standards, discussion on possible developments to overcome gaps/overlaps. Asynchronous human-to-human communication in digital health Selection of patient-to-doctor-to-doctor communication scenarios, communication patterns of the scenarios as is, redesign of the communication scenarios based on asynchronous messaging between parties, evaluation of the benefits of the possible change. Discussion on the acceptance and tools for implementing the communication. Health records visualization patterns for personal decision support Overview of the visualization methods available in digital health, portals/mobile apps, study of advanced visualization methods in other areas, synthesis of new visualization methods for digital health apps, discussion, on benefits of better visualization, possible roadmaps of implementation in Estonia Patient managed workflow patterns in digital health Study of couple of major ambulatory workflows of digital health, understand the steps of the workflow (issue, decision, order, appointment, diagnostics, referral, invoice, claim), evaluation of the workflow control patterns (health institution managed vs patient managed), design of patient managed workflow control environment, discussion on feasibility of patient managed workflow.

Proposed topics II Home-monitoring systems and/or social inclusion for people with chronic conditions (Peeter Ross) Home-monitoring systems for people with different neurological disorders with different neurological disabilities (Katrin Gross-Paju) Decision support systems for patients User-friendliness of electronic records

Suggested topics Point of care Integrated hospital topics Home based monitoring systems Neurological signs Home based follow-up people with neurological disorders Home based rehabilitation systems Blood pressure monitoring Blood sugar monitoring Integrated hospital topics Technology integration Integrating human resources Health information system integration Estonian “Finnish” doctors´ reflections on technology usage in two countries Decision support systems Prescriptions Cost analysis specific medications Warfarin valproate Personal medicine

signe.bergert@ttu.ee

Timelines 14.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Introduction Research questions General recommendations for MA thesis Parts of research Participants 21.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 What is your research question? Topic of your MA thesis Designing your research – methods overview 28.09 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 What is your research question? Topic of your MA thesis Designing your research: good clinical practice 05.10 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Topic of your MA thesis – all chosen Literature overview Finding your sources

presentations 23.11 MEK-209 – 16:00 – 19:15 Aim, goal for MA thesis Importance of the topic Research questions Literature overview Timelines for MA thesis

timelines Oct 5th 2015 Topic selected Supervisor contacted Planning your study Oct/Nov Literature review Pilot study Nov 20th 2015 Literature review ready Experiments, analysis Nov 23rd 2015 Presentation: Topic of research, literature overview March-April Results, discussion April 15th 2016 master´s thesis basics ready May 2016 defence

How do you select the topic? What question interests you? Are good with people? Are you good with programmes? Are you good with statistics? Language barriers? Are good with social media? What is your background experience? What is really that interests you? Real conditions or attitudes?

Key questions What is your research about? Goal Timelines Interesting unsolved problem Decision making aid Analysis of systems Goal MA thesis Selected topic Not too general Timelines Original research + written text ready in 8 months Resources, funding Time resources Funding opportunities

Participants/access to information Number Access Selection bias Patients vs healthy people vs professionals Contacting methods Internet Mail Email Phone hospital etc based

Key questions cont. III Where When Geographical location Costs Venue (home, interview room) Costs/time When Difficult periods Christmas, summer

Research design - methodology Qualitative Interviews Structured Semistructured unstructured focus groups Discussion groups Quantitative Data generate statistics

Focus groups Moderator, facilitator Discussion group Personal interview vs discussion group Wide range of experiences/openness of participants Interaction/ not all contribute Individual views difficult to capture

Different types - Qualitative research Action research Organisational behaviour Ethnography Observations Grounded theory Collecting data as long as needed Feminist research Male animals and research subjects Case studies

Research design - methodology Qualitative Interviews Structured Semistructured unstructured focus groups Discussion groups Quantitative Data generate statistics

Quantitative research Experiment Treatment Survey Cross-sectional Longitudinal generalizability

Clinical trial

TOWER

Quantitative research Experiment Treatment Survey Cross-sectional Longitudinal generalizability

Mixed methods Sequential Qualitative Quantitative Focus groups Interviews Quantitative Questionnaires

Participants Number of participants Goals vs methods Quantitative Semi-structured Grounded methodology Goals vs methods

Participants II Census Sampling Contact everybody Careful procedure Probability samples Purposive samples

Probability samples Simple random sample Cluster sample generated by computer from the all-inclusive list Cluster sample Geographical Systematic random sample Every 2nd, 3rd etc from the list How list is generated Stratified random sample art vs science students

Purposive samples Quota sample Snow-ball Theoretical sampling represent all groups of participants Female, male, ages, interests etc Snow-ball Each participant suggests the next Theoretical sampling Pre-selected extreme cases

How many ? Preselected participants Pre-specified sub groups

Collecting data

Interview Structured Semistructured Unstructured Boxes for answers Qualitative social research Identical open ended questions Unstructured In depth , life history Free talk with little direction Close contact with participant

Questionnaires Close ended Open-ended Combination of both Response biases Payment for answers Extra interest

Data analysis

Background research Primary observation Secondary research Aim, problem and goal Secondary research Additional studies/experience, observation Information Literature publications Storing, Folders File names Web based

signe.bergert@ttu.ee

Background research Primary observation Secondary research Aim, problem and goal Secondary research Additional studies/experience, observation Information Literature publications Storing, Folders File names Web based