Different methods of teaching Principles of teaching 2

Direct and indirect method Direct method- teacher dominated Your lecture immediately on what you want the students to learn without necessarily involving them in the process.

Example: Teaching students How to add fractions How to write a paragraph How to thread sewing machine How to dribble a ball

Indirect method Learner- dominated You give an active role in the learning process.

Example You ask students to share their comments on a newspaper article , share their thoughts about the lesson-related article like the proposed Charter change , Presidential Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) After listening to their thoughts, you continue facilitating the teaching-learning process by asking more thought-provoking questions and by leading them to drawing of generalization, abstraction, or conclusion.

Indirect method You synthesize what have been shared to connect loose ends and give a whole picture of the past class proceedings and ideas shared before you lead them to the drawing of generalizations/conclusions. In the indirect method, your task is to ask your students questions to provoke their thinking, imagination, thought-organizing skills. You are a questioner, facilitator, a thought synthesizer.

Deductive and inductive methods Deductive method Begin your lesson with a generalization, a rule , a definition and end with examples and illustrations or with what is concrete

Examples 1. You start your lesson in economics with the law of supply and demand and them give examples to illustrate. 2. you state the rule on deriving the area of a triangle then apply it with an example. 3. you state the rule on subject-verb agreement then give sentences that illustrate the rule.

Inductive method Begin your lesson with the examples, with what is know, with the concrete and with details. You end the students giving generalization, abstraction or conclusion.

ejemplos Examples For a lesson on the law of supply and demand , you start by giving many instances that illustrate the law then with your questioning skills, the class will arrive at a general statement showing the relationship of supply and demand which is actually the law of supply and demand in economics.

For the lesson in deriving the area of the rectangle, you proceed this way: present at least 5 rectangles of different lengths and widths with computed areas; then you ask the class how the areas were derived. Finally, ask them to state in a sentence how the area of a rectangle is derived.

For the lesson on pollination, you show them a video clip of the process of pollination. Make your students view the process of pollination, then ask them to state in a sentence what the process of pollination is.

Example in Deductive Teaching The topic is imagery. 1. The teacher begins by presenting students with a definition of imagery. 2. The teacher gives an example of it. 3. then, he/she instructs students to read story and underline sentences and passages where the author used imagery.

Example in inductive teaching 1. Teacher dramatically reads aloud a short story asking students that whenever they can picture something-see an image in their minds – put a star by those words. 2. students partner up and draw to go with each star they have in common. Then pairs of students team up and share what they have drawn. Then, the teacher asks them to also discuss in their groups how seeing these pictures in their minds made the story more interesting.

3. teacher finally reveals that this is called imagery, and rather than provide a definition, asks each group to write definition for imagery together. Each group then shares the definition with the whole class.

Summary Deductive and Direct Instruction Abstract, rule definition, generalization, unknown Experience, examples, details, known

Summary Inductive and indirect instruction Experience, examples, details, known Abstract, rule definition, generalization, unknown