Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 11 Young Adulthood Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives Define young adulthood. State the developmental tasks of young adulthood. Name the physiological changes that occur in young adulthood. State at least four priority health issues related to the young-adult stage of the life cycle. List the reproductive health issues of young adulthood. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives (cont.) Use knowledge of men's health needs in applying gender-appropriate care and guidance. List two health-screening preventative programs that are important during young adulthood. Discuss the role of schools in helping individuals adjust and cope with tasks and challenges of young adulthood. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives (cont.) Describe the psychosocial tasks of young adulthood as described by Erikson. Explain Piaget's theory of cognitive thinking in young adulthood. Describe Kohlberg's theory of moral development in the young adult. Discuss Piaget's formal operational thinking as it applies to the young adult. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives (cont.) Trace the growth and development of a parent. Design teaching techniques that will contribute to successful learning in the young adult. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Key Terms ectopic pregnancy exercise hysterectomy intimacy intimate partner violence (IPV) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) physical activity postformal operational thought sexually transmitted disease (STD) structure testicular self-examination (TSE) Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Key Terms (cont.) transitional phase vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) young adulthood Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Definition 20 and 40 years of age Early adulthood Legal age of adulthood in the United States is18 years of age Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Developmental Tasks Erickson: intimacy versus isolation Achieve the tasks of becoming self-supportive, acquiring independence, developing intimate relationships, and establishing a stable family and lifestyle Developmental process from adolescence to adulthood is most often a gradual one Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Critical Thinking 1 Why are the infancy years of life important to the young adult in achieving his or her developmental goals? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Physiological Changes Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically peak between the ages of 20 and 30 Epiphyses of the long bones fuse by the early twenties Muscular strength is at its peak Heart and lungs are also at their peak capacity See Health Promotion Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Physical Activity Should perform at least 2.5 hours of moderately intense aerobic exercise every week Muscle-strengthening activities Exercises involving balance and coordination Major causes of death in young adulthood are most often related to accidents or violence, both of which often are preventable See Table 11-1 and Figure 11-3. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Women's Health Women influence a generation of children to practice good health habits and to choose healthy lifestyles Education and access to care have increased Women’s Health clinics and specialists Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Critical Thinking 2 What influence does culture have on women’s health care? Why must health care practitioners be aware of the cultural identity of the neighborhood in which they practice? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Pregnancy Prenatal care Ectopic pregnancy Pelvic inflammatory disease Sexually transmitted diseases Hysterectomy Annual Papanicoluaou (Pap) smears Breast Self-Examination See Box 11-1. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Stress, Coping, and Domestic Violence Multiple roles can contribute to stress and the potential development of depression or anxiety Violent behavior against women Intimate partner violence See Figure 11-5 and Box 11-2. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Men's Health May be at a higher risk for injury Seek health care or guidance less frequently than women Testicular self-examination Free clinics for STD testing and treatment Health and fitness clubs Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Psychosocial Development Schools play significant roles in helping the adolescent prepare for the developmental tasks and challenges of young adulthood Multiple developmental tasks and challenges Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Intimacy One of the major tasks of young adulthood Ability to develop a warm, trusting, honest relationship with another person Lack of a clear sense of identity may contribute to isolation Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Cognitive Ability Intellectual and creative skills and abilities peak Piaget believed that the development of the formal operation of thinking extends into adulthood Postformal operational thought Levinson described four seasons of life Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Moral Reasoning Enhanced by life experiences in an adult role or a college milieu Taking responsibility for the care of others, handling the differing points of view of others, and understanding how their own actions affect others Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Sexuality Identity and cognitive function have reached the level that allows intimate sharing Influenced by culture, customs, and environment May be more difficult or delayed if relationship with parents did not produce a healthy, secure attachment Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Marriage Most often occurs during the young-adult phase of the life cycle May be postponed to pursue higher education in college or to establish their career Often select partners who are similar to themselves Partner choice is thought to be based on a three-stage process Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Parenting Not all adults achieve or desire marriage and family Most proactive development of parental skills begins at the time conception is confirmed Healthy parenting styles can be easily learned See Table 11-2. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Teaching Techniques Successful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.