Conjunctions (2)

Connecting Independent Clauses.

Conjunctions – Connecting Words Conjunctions connect two or more sentences, clauses, phrases, or words (elements); focusing on clauses Don’t connect them – separate with a period If the sentence is long, but you want to maintain the connection: separate them with a period, and start the next sentence with the appropriate conjunction.

Conjunctions – Connecting Words They connect two or more clauses Coordinators connect independent clauses that are of equal importance (and, but, or,…) Examples: Study hard, and you will do well. I studied hard, but Karen still beat me. The teacher said to study, so I did. I studied hard, because the teacher said I should.

Connecting Independent Clauses They connect two or more clauses (cont’d) Coordinators connect independent clauses that are of equal importance Conjunctive adverbs connect independent clauses; used for expressing additional information (adverbial type information) One clause is included primarily to either explain, enhance, or limit the other; of lesser importance (unequal) in that sense Answer questions like: how, why, when, where,… Includes words like: therefore, meanwhile, in fact, certainly, however Example: Students must take the final exam; otherwise, they will get an incomplete. Compare to: Students must take the final exam, or they will fail.

Connecting Dependent Clauses To Independent Clauses

Conjunctions – Connecting Words They connect two or more clauses Subordinators (subordinate conjunctions) are words that begin dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause who ran as fast as the wind; because she parked illegally The presence of the subordinator often makes the thought incomplete (and hence a dependent clause)

Dependent Clauses Noun clauses – Act as nouns They act as subjects, objects of verbs, or objects of prepositions Introduced with relative pronouns : Who, whom – whoever, whomever Whoever/whomever means “anyone who/whom) ->i.e., indefinite case Which, that – whichever Whose – whosever Examples: Be sure to send whoever interviewed you a thank-you note. Whoever thought of that idea is a genius. Or with the subordinating conjunctions: how, when, where, why, whether Examples: The focus of our work is how we can satisfy our customers. It’s important to think about why we make certain decisions. I’m packing extra snacks for when we get hungry.

Dependent Clauses Act as adjectives Introduced with: Adjective clauses (also called relative clauses) Act as adjectives Introduced with: relative pronouns or relative adverbs: when, where, why Examples: This is the park where we played. Tuesday is the day when we have pizza for dinner. Our teacher told us the reason why we study grammar.

Connecting Dependent Clauses To Independent Clauses

Punctuation for Connecting Independent Clauses If you use a coordinator -> use a comma to separate Example: After work, I went home, and I finished cleaning the garage. Use a conjunctive adverb -> use a semi-colon to separate the clauses and comma after the conjunctive adverb Example: I finished cleaning the garage; furthermore, I prepared the car for our upcoming trip Why the semicolons? conjunctive adverbs are not true conjunctions. The semicolon is the conjunction. Example: I went home to clean the garage; I finished well after midnight. Example: I went home to clean the garage; finally, I finished well after midnight.

Punctuation for Dependent Clauses No commas for noun clauses Adjective clauses: Identifying clauses (needed to identify a noun), no commas The boy who drove the car was 15 years old. Non-identifying clauses (adding information), separate with commas John, who was driving the car, was 15 years old. Adverb clauses: When the dependent clause comes before the noun, separate it from the dependent clause with a comma If the dependent clause comes after the independent clause, no comma is used

Jeremiah23: 5-6 (p 760) Identify the dependent clauses and conjunctions. Identify the types

Jeremiah23: 5-6 (p 760) “For the time is coming”, says the Lord, when I will place a righteous Branch on King David’s throne. He will be a king who rules with wisdom. He will do what is just and right throughout the land. And this is his name: ’The Lord Is Our Righteousness’. In that day Judah will be saved, and Israel will live in safety1.”

Jeremiah23: 5-6 “For the time is coming”, says the Lord, when I will place a righteous Branch on King David’s throne. He will be a king who rules with wisdom. He will do what is just and right throughout the land. And this is his name: ‘The Lord Is Our Righteousness’. In that day Judah will be saved, and Israel will live in safety1.” 1 Elsewhere (Isaiah 49:6), God says he will do much more; he will be a light to the Gentiles (all people), and bring God’s salvation to the ends of the earth!

Isaiah 49:6 He says, “You will do more than restore the people of Israel to me. I will make you a light to the Gentiles, and you will bring my salvation to the ends of the earth.”

in addition, furthermore, moreover, also Meaning Coordinators Conjunctive Adverbs Examples Add an idea and in addition, furthermore, moreover, also Show time or sequence first, second, then, next, later, meanwhile, finally Contrast but, yet however, nevertheless, in contrast, on the other hand Show result or effect so therefore, thus, consequently, as a result Introduce an alternative Or (“nor” for negating) otherwise Emphasis in fact, of course, indeed, certainly Provide an example for example, for instance Generalize or summarize in general, overall, in short To show cause for because, therefore

Conjunctions – Connecting Words Conjunctions connect two or more sentences, clauses, phrases, or words (elements); focusing on clauses Don’t connect them – separate with a period If the sentence is long, but you want to maintain the connection: separate them with a period, and start the next sentence with the appropriate conjunction.

Conjunctions – Connecting Words They connect two or more clauses Coordinators connect independent clauses that are of equal importance (and, but, or,…) Examples: Study hard, and you will do well. I studied hard, but Karen still beat me. The teacher said to study, so I did. I studied hard, because the teacher said I should.

Connecting Independent Clauses They connect two or more clauses (cont’d) Coordinators connect independent clauses that are of equal importance Conjunctive adverbs connect independent clauses; used for expressing additional information (adverbial type information) One clause is included primarily to either explain, enhance, or limit the other; of lesser importance (unequal) in that sense Answer questions like: how, why, when, where,… Includes words like: therefore, meanwhile, in fact, certainly, however Example: Students must take the final exam; otherwise, they will get an incomplete. Compare to: Students must take the final exam, or they will fail.

Conjunctions – Connecting Words They connect two or more clauses Subordinators (subordinate conjunctions) are words that begin dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause who ran as fast as the wind; because she parked illegally The presence of the subordinator often makes the thought incomplete (and hence a dependent clause)

Dependent Clauses Noun clauses – Act as nouns They act as subjects, objects of verbs, or objects of prepositions Introduced with relative pronouns : Who, whom – whoever, whomever Whoever/whomever means “anyone who/whom) ->i.e., indefinite case Which, that – whichever Whose – whosever Examples: Be sure to send whoever interviewed you a thank-you note. Whoever thought of that idea is a genius. Or with the subordinating conjunctions: how, when, where, why, whether Examples: The focus of our work is how we can satisfy our customers. It’s important to think about why we make certain decisions. I’m packing extra snacks for when we get hungry.

Dependent Clauses Act as adjectives Introduced with: Adjective clauses (also called relative clauses) Act as adjectives Introduced with: relative pronouns or relative adverbs: when, where, why Examples: This is the park where we played. Tuesday is the day when we have pizza for dinner. Our teacher told us the reason why we study grammar.

Punctuation for Connecting Independent Clauses If you use a coordinator -> use a comma to separate Example: After work, I went home, and I finished cleaning the garage. Use a conjunctive adverb -> use a semi-colon to separate the clauses and comma after the conjunctive adverb Example: I finished cleaning the garage; furthermore, I prepared the car for our upcoming trip Why the semicolons? conjunctive adverbs are not true conjunctions. The semicolon is the conjunction. Example: I went home to clean the garage; I finished well after midnight. Example: I went home to clean the garage; finally, I finished well after midnight.

Punctuation for Dependent Clauses No commas for noun clauses Adjective clauses: Identifying clauses (needed to identify a noun), no commas The boy who drove the car was 15 years old. Non-identifying clauses (adding information), separate with commas John, who was driving the car, was 15 years old. Adverb clauses: When the dependent clause comes before the noun, separate it from the dependent clause with a comma If the dependent clause comes after the independent clause, no comma is used

Jeremiah23: 5-6 “For the time is coming”, says the Lord, when I will place a righteous Branch on King David’s throne. He will be a king who rules with wisdom. He will do what is just and right throughout the land. And this is his name: ‘The Lord Is Our Righteousness’. In that day Judah will be saved, and Israel will live in safety1.” 1 Elsewhere (Isaiah 49:6), God says he will do much more; he will be a light to the Gentiles (all people), and bring God’s salvation to the ends of the earth!