Ch. 5 Bone LT: List the functions of the skeletal system Name the four main kinds of bones Identify the anatomical areas of a long bone ET: Grab a copy of the article at the front. Think about the following questions: What do bones do? What do we already know about them?

Functions of Bones Support – Bones for the internal framework Protection – Keep soft organs protected (Brain) Movement – Muscles are attached by tendons to allow body movement Storage – Stores fat and minerals (Ca+) Blood cell formation – Red blood cell are made from red bone marrow (Hematopoiesis)

Classification Long – longer than they are wide Short – Cube shaped and mostly spongy Flat – Thin, Flat, and Curved Irregular – Bones that do not fit the above categories

Diaphysis: Shaft Periosteum: Membrane connected by Sharpey’s fibers Epiphyses: Ends Articular Cartilage (hyaline) Yellow marrow or medullary cavity: Fat

Classification Spongy Compact

The Bone ET: Define the following terms LT: Today I will.. Ossification Osteoblast (bone + germinate) Osteoclast (bone + broken) Osteocyte LT: Today I will.. Describe briefly the process of bone formation in the fetus Summarize the events of bone remodeling Name and describe the various types of fractures

Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Types of Bone Tissue Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Inside the Long Bone Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Red Marrow (blood) Yellow Marrow (fat) Endosteum – lining of the medullary

Microscopic Structure – Write this down MATRIX - where the bone cells live   OSTEOCYTES  - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE OSTEOCYTES form rings (LAMELLAE) around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels Osteocytes are linked by CANALICULI Haversian Canals are linked by VOLKMAN's CANALS

Osteocytes Haversian Canal Volkmann’s Canal

BONE COLORING!

Test Yourself Find the... Haversian Canal Volkman's Canal Lamellae Spongy Bone Compact Bone

No Notes! Appropriate names only! Quiz Time! Get with a partner or group and go to Kahoot.it No Notes! Appropriate names only!

Chicken Cemetery FQ: What makes up the bone matrix? List a few things you already know about the bone cell matrix (2 min.)

Bone Remodeling and Classification On your blaster/claster wheel, use the key and label the types of cells at each numbered step (wedge of the wheel) Cut out your top wheel and attach it to the bottom wheel Start at step one, and in your own words describe what is happening at each step

Bone Remodeling - Explained Get your skin model from the back – keep it or throw it away after you leave this room Take out your blaster/claster wheel and your list of descriptions for each step Compare your list with two other people from different groups (5 min.)

Bone Cells

Ossification – Bone formation Osteoblast cover a cartilage model of the bone with bone matrix The matrix will absorb mineral salts and harden and be come compact bone Remodeling

Get You Chicken Bones Complete the analysis questions What is being lost from the bone?

Forensic Science Learning objective: To learn and become a forensic scientist Apply your forensic knowledge and identify bones at a crime scene

Agenda Bone Fractures Look at bone fractures Go over the wound healing process

8 Types of fractures Simple Compound Comminuted Compression Depression Impacted Spiral Greenstick

Healing A Bone Fracture Hematoma – blood filled swelling Bony Callus – osteoblast and osteoclast replace the fibrous callus with spongy bone Fibrocartilage Callus – various cells create cartilage, bone matrix, and collagen fibers Bone remodeling

Gross Anatomy of Bones Create detailed, labeled drawing of the each different specimen (be careful there are duplicates) Try and see as much of the long bone anatomy as possible and identify the different parts Your drawing will be turned in at the end of the period