The Role of Computer-aided Detection and Diagnosis System in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions in Ultrasonography  Tien-Chun Chang  Journal of Medical Ultrasound  Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 177-184 (December 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002 Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Locate the first point in the left border of the thyroid lesion with the largest diameter. (B) Draw to extend across to the right border with the largest diameter of the lesion. Locate the second point of the middle part in the upper border of the thyroid nodule, then draw to the middle part in the lower border of the thyroid nodule. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 For the longitudinal axis, locate the second point at the middle part in the upper border of the thyroid nodule, then draw to the middle part in the lower border of the thyroid nodule. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 As soon as the two axes are defined, the contour is automatically generated by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Users can choose to fine-tune the contour by adding an additional marker, followed by clicking and dragging it. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 The thyroid lesion is<1 cm in diameter; fine-needle aspiration cytology needs to be performed. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 The thyroid lesion from Figure 5. Parameter 1 (microcalcification) and Parameter 2 (hypoechogenicity) detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system are both positive. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 The thyroid lesion is<1 cm in diameter; follow-up only is required. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 The thyroid lesion from Figure 7. Parameter 1 (microcalcification) and Parameter 2 (hypoechogenicity) detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system are both negative. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 Thyroid lesions 1–1.5 cm in diameter, for which fine-needle aspiration cytology needs to be performed. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 The thyroid lesion from Figure 9. Either Parameter 1 (microcalcification) or Parameter 2 (hypoechogenicity) detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system is positive. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 11 Thyroid lesions 1–1.5 cm in diameter which need follow-up only. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 12 Thyroid lesion from Figure 11. Both Parameter 1 (microcalcification) and Parameter 2 (hypoechogenicity) detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system are negative. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 13 The thyroid lesion is>1.5 cm in diameter, which needs fine-needle aspiration cytology. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 14 Thyroid lesion from Figure 13. The presence of any one of Parameters 1–4 (microcalcification, hypoechogenicity, heterogenicity, and blurred margin) detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 15 Thyroid lesions>1.5 cm in diameter, which need follow-up only. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Figure 16 Thyroid lesion from Figure 15. Parameters 1–4, detected by the computer-aided detection and diagnosis system, are all negative. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 2015 23, 177-184DOI: (10.1016/j.jmu.2015.10.002) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions