ANCIENT GREECE GARDNER CHAPTER 5-2 PP. 105-113

ARCHAIC PERIOD -> 6TH CENTURY Introduction of the first monumental stone statues of the Greeks Greeks follow very closely the canonical Egyptian format Stylized Rigid Frontal Archaic smile KOUROS = male youth KORE = maiden 2500 B.C.E 530 B.C.E

New York Kouros 600 B. C. E -> versus the Anavysos Kouros 530 B. C New York Kouros 600 B.C.E -> versus the Anavysos Kouros 530 B.C.E -> only a 70 year difference

(2-27) ANAVYSOS KOUROS Archaic Greek c. 530 B. C. E (2-27) ANAVYSOS KOUROS Archaic Greek c. 530 B.C.E. Marble with remnants of paint Kouros means male youth -> funerary statue/stood over a grave The Greek Kouros emulates the stance of Egyptian statues -> frontal, left foot advanced, arms at side, fist clenched with thumbs forward Differs from Egyptian -> liberated from their original stone block and nude This is a later Kouros that stood over the grave of Kroisos, who died in battle -> increased naturalismin its proportions -> more rounded modeling of face, torso, and limbs FLASHCARD

(2-28) PEPLOS KORE FROM THE ACROPOLIS Archaic Greek c. 530 B. C. E (2-28) PEPLOS KORE FROM THE ACROPOLIS Archaic Greek c. 530 B.C.E. Marble, painted details This female statue is called a KORE Women are always clothed in Archaic statuary Hand is broken -> what she was holding tells who she was -> she is a votive statue of a goddess So-called because she was thought to be wearing a peplos, a type of garment Like all kouroi and korai she was painted FLASHCARD

ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE Archaic and later Greek temples built of limestone and marble -> marble was readily available In the Archaic age of 6th century columnar stone temples began to be built Greek temples differ from most later religious shrines -> altar outside of temple -> at east end/facing sun -> Greeks gathered outside to worship The temple housed the cult statue of the deity -> grandest of all votive offerings The Greek temple is the house of the god/goddess, not of his followers

GREEK TEMPLE PLANS CELLA = rooms with no windows -> usually housed the cult statue of the deity PRONAOS = porch OPISTODOMOS = back porch Two porches showed Greek passion for balance and symmetry PERISTYLE = external colonnade on all four sides Proportional order -> in architecture and sculpture it reflects and embodies the cosmic order

TEMPLE ORNAMENTATION Figural sculpture played major role in exterior of temples -> embellish the god’s shrine/tell something about the deity within/votive offering Sculptured temple Elevated site -> often on a hill above the city Sculptural ornament was concentrated in the frieze and pediments -> painted -> ornament differed between the Doric and Ionic order

light, airy, much more decorative Weighty and severe light, airy, much more decorative

The superstructure = ENTABLATURE 3 units in a Greek temple The platform The colonnade The superstructure = ENTABLATURE Two basic systems for articulating the 3 units DORIC ORDER IONIC ORDER Doric -> mainland Greece and Western colonies Ionic -> Aegean islands and western coast of Asia Minor STYLOBATE = top part of platform Columns -> shaft(fluted columns)/capital/base(Ionic only) Capital has 2 parts -> ABACUS is upper part/ lower part is ECHINUS in Doric and VOLUTE in Ionian Entablature has 3 parts ARCHITRAVE FRIEZE CORNICE -> horizontal projection + two sloping/raking cornices form a triangle PEDIMENT = the triangular area framed by the cornice Doric frieze – TRIGLPYPHS and METOPES Ionic frieze - open

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS, CORFU Lavishly embellished with sculpture Reliefs decoratated the metopes Huge high-relief sculptures filled the pediments -> 9 ft high at center -> the gorgon Medusa, felines on either side -> the three serve as temple guardians The challenge of filling the triangular pediment space led to lack of narrative unity and diversity of scale of figures

gigantomachy Gigantomachy = battle of gods and giants Popular theme of Greek art from Archaic through Hellenistic times Metaphor for triumph of reason and order over chaos gigantomachy

SIPHNIAN TREASURY, CORFU Reconstruction drawing of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 530 BCE Archaic Ionic architecture and architectural sculpture Greek treasuries = small buildings set up for safe storage of votive offerings CARYATIDS in the porch -> korai dressed in Ionic chitons Continuous sculpted frieze on all four sides and sculptures in the pediment Greek friezes brightly painted