Co 5

Fig. 5.1 Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili (smooth muscle) Dermis Hair follicle Nerve Vein Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) Artery Sweat gland Adipose tissue

An incision made across cleavage lines can gap, Fig. 5.3 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. An incision made across cleavage lines can gap, increasing the time needed for healing and resulting in increased scar tissue formation. An incision made parallel to cleavage lines results in less gapping, faster healing, and less scar tissue.

b: ©Victor P. Eroschenko RF Fig. 5.2 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Epidermis Dermal papilla (a) Duct of sweat gland Stratum corneum Intermediate strata Stratum basale Dermis LM 40x (b) Dermal papillae b: ©Victor P. Eroschenko RF

Fig. 5.1 Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili (smooth muscle) Dermis Hair follicle Nerve Vein Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) Artery Sweat gland Adipose tissue

Fig. 5.4 1 Melanosomes are produced by the Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Melanosomes are produced by the Golgi apparatus of the melanocyte. 2 Melanosomes move into the melanocyte cell processes. 3 Epithelial cells phagocytize the tips of the melanocyte cell processes. 4 The melanosomes, which were produced inside the melanocytes, have been transferred to epithelial cells and are now inside them. 3 4 Epithelial cell Melanocyte 2 Melanosomes 1 Nucleus Golgi apparatus

Fig. 5.10 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) (b) (c) a: ©Dr. P. Marazzi/SPL/Getty Images RF; b: ©Dr. P. Marazzi/Science Source; c: National Cancer Institute

Fig. 5.1 Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hairs Epidermis Sebaceous gland Skin Arrector pili (smooth muscle) Dermis Hair follicle Nerve Vein Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) Artery Sweat gland Adipose tissue

Fig. 5.5 Hair shaft (above skin surface) Medulla Hair root (below skin Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hair shaft (above skin surface) Medulla Hair root (below skin surface) Cortex Hair Cuticle Arrector pili (smooth muscle) Sebaceous gland Hair follicle wall Hair bulb (base of hair root) Artery Vein Hair papilla Adipose tissue (a) Medulla Cortex Hair Cuticle Connective tissue Site of cell divisions that produce the cells of the hair Hair follicle wall Epithelial tissue Melanocyte Stratum basale Hair papilla Basement membrane (b)

Fig. 5.7 Free edge Cuticle Nail body Nail root (under the skin) Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Free edge Cuticle Nail body Nail root (under the skin) Nail body Free edge Nail matrix Lunula Nail bed Bone Cuticle Epidermis Nail root (a) (b)

Sweat pores Duct of eccrine sweat gland Duct of apocrine sweat gland Fig. 5.6 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sweat pores Duct of eccrine sweat gland Duct of apocrine sweat gland Arrector pili (smooth muscle) Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Eccrine sweat gland Hair bulb Apocrine sweat gland

Fig. 5.8 1 Blood vessel dilation results in Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Blood vessel dilation results in increased blood flow toward the surface of the skin. Blood vessel dilates. 1 2 Heat loss across the epidermis increases. 2 Increased blood flow beneath the epidermis results in increased heat loss (gold arrows). (a) Blood vessel constricts. 3 Blood vessel constriction results in decreased blood flow toward the surface of the skin. 3 4 Heat loss across the epidermis decreases. 4 Decreased blood flow beneath the epidermis results in decreased heat loss. (b)

Partial- thickness Full- thickness First- degree Second- degree Third- Fig. 5.9 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Partial- thickness Full- thickness First- degree Second- degree Third- degree Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue

Burns Page 105 Symptoms Treatment Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. MUSCULAR Hypermetabolic state may lead to loss in muscle mass. SKELETAL Increased red blood cell production in red bone marrow. NERVOUS Pain in partial-thickness burns; body temperature increases as control center in brain is reset; abnormal ion levels disrupt normal nervous system activity. Burns DIGESTIVE Tissue damage to intestinal lining and liver as a result of decreased blood flow; bacteria of intestines may cause systemic infection; liver releases blood-clotting factors in response to injury. Symptoms Tissue damage of skin and possibly deeper tissue Edema Shock Microbial infection LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE Inflammation; depression of immune system may lead to infection. Treatment Intravenous fluids High-protein, high-calorie diet Antimicrobials Debridement Skin grafts URINARY Urine production decreases in response to low blood volume; tissue damage to kidneys due to low blood flow. CARDIOVASCULAR Decreased blood volume, edema, and shock may occur due to increased capillary permeability; abnormal ion levels disrupt normal heart rate; increased blood clotting may cause venous thrombosis; preferential blood flow promotes healing. RESPIRATORY Edema may obstruct airways; increased respiratory rate in response to hypermetabolic state. ENDOCRINE Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands in response to injury contributes to hypermetabolic state and increased body temperature.