Lecture 3: Citation styles ELS - Writing Lecture 3: Citation styles

Schedule today: PLAGIARISM Week 1: Introduction Finish up week 2 exercises Citation styles for writing different types of texts Plagiarism

Week 2: Types of plagiarism Clone Ctrl + C 7) Error Find – Replace 8) Aggregator Remix 9) Re-tweet Recycle Hybrid

Submit another’s words word-for-word as your own 1) Clone Submit another’s words word-for-word as your own

2)Ctrl + C Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

3) Find - Replace Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source

Paraphrases from multiple sources melted together 4) Remix Paraphrases from multiple sources melted together

Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation 5) Recycle Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation

6) 404 error Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources

7) Aggregator Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work

8) Re-tweet Includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure

Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation 9) Hybrid Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation

Types of plagiarism: exercises Clone Ctrl + C 7) Error Find – Replace 8) Aggregator Remix 9) Re-tweet Recycle Hybrid SEE HANDOUT WEEK 3 with BIGGER LETTERS

Question: Why do we need them? Citation styles Question: Why do we need them?

Citation styles We have two types of citation styles, one which you already know In – text citation: you give information about the text you’ve written right after the paraphrase or quotation The rest of the citation, so even if you cited “in- text” is left to the “LIST OF REFERENCES” (APA) or “WORKS CITED” (MLA)

Citation styles: 4 different kinds APA STYLE – most important for us (within social sciences) MLA STYLE ENDNOTE CHICAGO STYLE AMA STYLE 1) AND 2) AND 3) are most commonly used and therefore discussed in this lecture

1) APA style APA stands for American Psychological Association Most commonly used within social sciences Most commonly used within social sciences – language and linguistics SO THIS ONE IS FOR MOST OF YOU 

1) APA style: examples of in-text citation or

1) APA style: list of references Once you’ve finished with all your citations in the text itself… ….you have to make sure that all your citations are referred to at the end of your paper We call that the REFERENCE LIST or LIST OF REFERENCES

Example: list of references The reference list is what your computer does on its own

2) MLA Style Stands for Modern Language Association Is mostly used for the liberal arts and humanities It doesn’t differ all that much from APA

2) MLA Style vs. APA Style In-text citations are referred to with the page number and the year is disregarded: APA: MLA: If the author is not named in the signal phrase, place the author’s name and the page number in parentheses after the quotation or paraphrase (Critser, 5)

2) MLA Style vs. APA Style APA: List of References/ References – MLA: Works Cited

MLA: Works Cited Your computer does this on its own

3) Footnote Footnotes can be used in MLA and in APA in-text by numbers after the punctuation of the phrase or clause. At the end of the page, the footnote explains the sentence a bit more: the authors who agree or disagree. – to give extra info about the source

4) Footnote and Endnote The endnote is used when the author refers to his sources purely by footnotes – and this is sometimes done in the MLA citation style, especially for English literature and poetry

Your computer does the reference list/works cited automatically for you depending on which type you choose – APA OR MLA

Exercises citation styles See exercises on Handout week 3

MLA - LITERATURE VS. APA - LINGUISTICS