Allergic diseases and the effect of inhaled epinephrine in children with acute bronchiolitis: follow-up from the randomised, controlled, double-blind,

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Allergic diseases and the effect of inhaled epinephrine in children with acute bronchiolitis: follow-up from the randomised, controlled, double-blind, Bronchiolitis ALL trial Dr Håvard Ove Skjerven, MD, Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord, MD, Teresa Løvold Berents, MD, Hanne Engen, MD, Edin Dizdarevic, MD, Cathrine Midgaard, MD, Bente Kvenshagen, PhD, Marianne Hanneborg Aas, MD, Jon Olav Gjengstø Hunderi, MD, Karen Eline Stensby Bains, MD, Petter Mowinckel, MSc, Prof Kai-Håkon Carlsen, PhD, Prof Karin C Lødrup Carlsen, PhD The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Volume 3, Issue 9, Pages 702-708 (September 2015) DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00319-7 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trial profile In four children, the study medication was discontinued because of administrative failures, including administration of open inhaled racemic epinephrine, suspected pertussis infection, delayed biological sampling, and administration of a dose of the study medication that was too high. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015 3, 702-708DOI: (10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00319-7) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Length of hospital stay according to study treatment Kaplan-Meier plots show the proportion of infants remaining in hospital according to whether they were treated with inhaled racemic epinephrine or inhaled saline in patients at the age of 2 years: (A) without recurrent bronchial obstruction (after secondary survival analysis: hazard ratio [HR] 1·13, 95% CI 0·82–1·57; p=0·45); (B) with recurrent bronchial obstruction (HR 1·15, 0·83–1·61; p=0·39); (C) without atopic eczema or allergic sensitisation (HR 1·38, 1·05–1·81; p=0·02); and (D) with either atopic eczema or allergic sensitisation (HR 0·77, 0·48–1·22; p=0·26). p values are from robust linear regression analyses. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015 3, 702-708DOI: (10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00319-7) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Treatment response to inhaled racemic epinephrine versus saline in infants with acute bronchiolitis, shown as difference in length of stay in hospital in subgroups based on the presence of recurrent bronchial obstruction, atopic eczema, or allergic sensitisation by the age of 2 years Error bars are 95% CIs for the difference in estimated length of stay between patients who received inhaled epinephrine versus saline analysed by robust linear regression. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015 3, 702-708DOI: (10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00319-7) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions