Stomata Ceanothus gloriosus, CA Banksia marginata, Australia Nerium oleander, Mediterranean region a & b after NOBS (1963) c originally A. Hoffmann a b c From: Castri and Mooney, 1973

From: Castri and Mooney, 1973

Distribution of Major Ecosystems In Relation to Precipitation And Temperature Low Temperate High Fig. 2.2 p. 18 Low Precipitation High

Major Soil Horizons and Their Characteristics B C Surface accumulation of partially decayed organic matter Mineral soil in which mixing of surface organic matter and root growth masks effects of chemical leaching Mineral soil in which weathering and leaching dominate horizon characteristics Mineral soil zone affected by chemical deposition of material leached from A horizon Parent material or mineral horizon largely unaffected by soil development Fig. 2.4 p. 21

Energy, water and CO2 balances over a leaf Convection Radiation Solar (short-wave) radiation Reflected Long-wave Transmitted Evapotranspiration Conduction Internal CO2 H2O Water Use Efficiency Fig. 6.1 p. 95

sun leaf shade leaf Fig. 6-12 p. 105

Water Availability Fig. 6.17 p. 110 Low High Water Availability Pine Oak Maple Fig. 6.17 p. 110

Fig. 7.1 p. 114 Soil Water Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Throughfall Stemflow Uptake Storage Fast flow Infiltration Runoff Drainage Fig. 7.1 p. 114

Dry Mesic Height (m) 10 20 30 (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 8.13 p. 142

Low Water Content High Water Content Fig. 9.2 p. 152

Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation within Plants Water (ET) Carbon Photosynthesis Soil available water nutrients Mobile CHO Uptake Allocation Litterfall Fine litter Wood Root Flowers and fruits Foliage Perennial tissue (wood rhizome, etc.) Starch Lignin Protein etc. Fig. 11.1, p. 185

Fig. 11.2 p. 186 SPRING EARLY SUMMER LATE SUMMER FALL EARLY SUMMER

p. 208

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p. 217

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Fig. 14.8 p. 269 Differences in soil pH in four plantations with different dominant species. RP = red pine, JP = jack pine, WS = white spruce, QA = quacking aspen. (Alban 1982)