U.S. History Chapter 8 Lecture Notes

The Second Great Awakening inspires the Abolition Movement and other Social reform efforts. 1. One of the leaders of the Second Great Awakening during the early 1800’s, a religious revival and reaction against Calvanism. Charles Grandison Finney 2. Founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia. Richard Allen

Transcendentalism offers an alternative to Religious Revivalism 4. Era in American Literature during which writers wrote about rising above social evils and perfecting American society. Transcendentalist Movement 5. New England Transcendentalist that stressed pride in American culture. Ralph Waldo Emerson 6. Transcendentalist writer that developed the concept of civil disobedience (not obeying laws believed to be unjust). Henry David Thoreau 7. “The Poet of Democracy” Walt Whitman

Examples of other religious groups becoming involved in Social Reform 8. Religious group that stressed the importance of social reform in achieving salvation, led by William Channing. Unitarians Many Unitarians became involved in Prison Reform, Reforming the treatment of the Mentally Ill, and Education Reform. 10. Another example of radical reformers, religious community, vowed not to marry or have children. Shakers

Those who, rather than better society, bailed out 9. Example of a radical reform movement, attempt to form “perfect” communities, best example was Brook Farm. Utopian Communities Almost all failed because of financial problems Shows that the absence of competition leads not to progress, but to regress.

Progress Quiz #7 Which of the following led a religious revival, known as the Second Great Awakening, which represented a reaction against the strict rules of Calvinism? A. Richard Walker B. Charles Grandison Finney C. Henry David Thoreau D. Ralph Waldo Emerson Which of the following represents a literary movement in which writers wrote of “rising above” social evils to create a more perfect society? A. Realism B. Romanticism C. Transcendentalism D. Impressionism

Progress #7 (Cont.) Which of the following transcendentalist writers refused to pay his taxes because he did not want to fund the Mexican War, which he believed would expand the territory of slavery? A. Walt Whitman B. Edgar Allen Poe C. Ralph Waldo Emerson D. Henry David Thoreau 34. Which of the following was a religious group that stressed the importance of becoming involved in social reform? A. Unitarians B. Anabaptists C. Shakers D. Mennonites

Progress Quiz #7 (Cont.) Which of the following represents a reform movement designed to separate from society and form “perfect” communities, the best example being Brook Farm? A. Shaker Villages B. Communist Communes C. Utopian Communities D. Soviet Gulags

Progress Quiz #7 Answers B C D A * Any Questions?

Social Reformers working in America 11. Social Reformer that worked to improve the treatment of the mentally ill. Dorothea Dix 12. Known as the “Schoolmaster of the Republic” because of the textbooks he authored. He also authored a dictionary on American English that began to define a distinctly American version of the English language. Noah Webster 13. Superintendent of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, made numerous improvements in Public Education and Teacher Training. Horace Mann

The Abolition Movement 14. Movement to bring about the immediate end of all slavery. Abolition 15. Founder of the Abolition Movement in America, wrote articles in his newspaper The Liberator calling for the end of slavery in America. William Lloyd Garrison 16. Key African American Abolitionist, supporter of William Lloyd Garrison, former slave, publisher of The North Star. Frederick Douglass 17. African American Abolitionist that urged Blacks to fight for their freedom, published An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. David Walker 18. Radical Abolitionist, led a slave revolt in Virginia, claimed to be a Moses for African Slaves. Nat Turner

Washington’s Response to the “slavery problem” 19. Order preventing debate on the issue of slavery in the District of Columbia. Violates a citizen’s First Amendment right to petition his government. Gag Rule (No debate on the topic allowed within the District of Columbia)

Progress Quiz #8 Which of the following social reformers focused their work on the treatment of the mentally ill in the United States? A. William Channing B. Dorothea Dix C. Horace Mann D. Noah Webster 37. Which of the following social reformers helped to build the public school system in the United States?

Progress Quiz #8 (Cont.) Which of the following social reformers was known as the “schoolmaster of the republic” because he authored numerous textbooks and assembled a widely used dictionary? A. William Channing B. Dorothea Dix C. Noah Webster D. Horace Mann 39. Which of the following is recognized as the founder of the American Abolition Movement writing articles in his newspaper, The Liberator? A. Sojourner Truth B. Frederick Douglass C. Nat Turner D. William Lloyd Garrison

Progress Quiz #8 (Cont.) Which of the following was a former slave who became a major part of the American Abolition Movement, publishing many articles in his newspaper, The North Star, and making powerful speeches? A. David Walker B. Frederick Douglass C. Nat Turner D. Sojourner Truth

Progress Quiz #8 Answers B C D * Any Questions?

Early stages of a Women’s Rights Movement 20. Tradition of restricting women’s activities to the home and family after marriage. “Cult of Domesticity” 21. Daughters of a South Carolina slaveholder, they were early leaders of the Women’s Rights Movement in America. Sarah and Angelina Grimke 22. Organization devoted to attacking the consumption of alcohol and resulting social problems. Women’s Christian Temperance Union 23. Opened the Troy Female Seminary, one of the first rigorous schools for girls in America. Emma Willard 24 Opened the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. Mary Lyon 25. Nation’s first coeducational College. Oberlin College

The Culmination of the Early Women’s Rights Movement 26. Organized the first National Convention for Women’s Rights held at Seneca Falls, New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott 27. List of Grievances modeled after the Declaration of Independence issued at the Seneca Falls Convention. Declaration of Sentiments 28. Former Slave, this woman was known as a powerful speaker as part of the Abolition Movement. Sojourner Truth

Women in the work force 29. Manufacturers provided materials for goods produced in the home. Cottage Industry 30. Hired women because they could pay them less money, prime example of harsh working conditions, women went on strike but were forced back to work. Lowell Mill 31. Stoppage of work to protest for higher wages, better working conditions, or less working hours. Strike 32. First example of a prominent American Court (The Massachusetts State Supreme Court) upheld the rights of labor unions, in this case the right to go on strike. Commonwealth v. Hunt

Progress Quiz #9 Which of the following were daughters of a South Carolina slaveholder that became the early leaders of the Women’s Rights Movement? A. Sarah and Angelina Grimke B. Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt C. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Sojourner Truth D. Orville and Wilbur Wright 42. Which of the following organized the first major Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848? A. Sarah and Angelina Grimke B. Carrie Chapman Catt C. Susan B. Anthony D. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Progress Quiz #9 (cont.) Which of the following was drafted at the Seneca Falls Convention outlining proposed improvements to Women’s Rights in America? A. Communist Manifesto B. Bill of Rights C. Declaration of Sentiments D. Fourteen Points 44. Which of the following was a former slave who became a major part of the Women’s Rights Movement making powerful speeches demanding more rights for women? A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton B. Sojourner Truth C. Harriet Tubman D. Susan B. Anthony

Progress Quiz #9 (Cont.) Known as the “Jewel of American Industry” which of the following became the symbol of the harsh working conditions for women in American factories? A. Slater’s Mill B. Transcontinental Railroad C. Sutter’s Mill D. Lowell Mill

Progress Quiz #9 Answers D C B * Any Questions?