Restoration, Romanticism, SECONDARY - Sperber - The European Revolutions, 1848—1851 Restoration, Romanticism, and Revolution KEY CONCEPT 3.4 European states struggled to maintain international stability in an age of nationalism and revolutions.

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690   Forces of the Past Traditional Institutions Monarchy Aristocracy Church Family Conservatism *Edmund Burke *Joseph de Maistre

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Edmund Burke – Reflections on the Revolution in France 151-152 Old   Forces of the Future Industrialization Liberalism Nationalism

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Klemens von Metternich – The Odious Ideas of the Philosophes 152-153 Old   Restoring Old Order: Congress of Vienna Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859)  Europe, Europe sat on a wall. Europe, Europe had a great fall. All the king’s diplomats and all the king’s men, could they put Europe together again?

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690   Restoring Old Order: Congress of Vienna Legitimacy Louis XVIII Balance of Power Kingdom of the Netherlands German Confederation Switzerland Sardinia

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690   Restoring Old Order: Congress of Vienna Territorial Settlements Russia – Poland Sweden – Norway Prussia – Saxony+Rhineland Austria - +Lombardy/Venetia -Belgium

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690   Restoring Old Order: Congress of Vienna Evaluation Balance of Power until 1871 Peace until Crimean War (or WWI) short term conservative victory long term ideological loss

Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707   Maintaining the Old Order: Concert of Europe Congress System Quadruple Alliance Revolt and Repression Spain/Italy – Holy Alliance Germany – Carlsbad Decrees Russia – Decembrist Revolt Nicholas I, 1825-1855 *Polish Rebellion *Greek War of Independence

KEY CONCEPT 3.6 The Romantic Movement 697-701 European ideas and culture expressed a tension between objectivity and scientific realism on one hand, and subjectivity and individual expression on the other. Romanticism Romantic Movement Key Characteristics emotion antiquity and medieval mysticism nature

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Making Comparisons: Enlightened and Romantic Views of Religion Deism individualism and mysticism

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Literature: *Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Friedrich von Schiller Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge *Lord Byron *Percy Shelley *John Keats *Mary Shelley *Victor Hugo

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Art: Caspar David Friedrich

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Art: Eugene Delacroix

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Art: John Constable

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Art: *Francisco Goya

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Art: *J. M. W. Turner

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Key Romantic Writers, Artists, and Composers Music: Ludwig von Beethoven *Frédéric Chopin Richard Wagner *Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

The Romantic Movement 697-701 Romanticism and Nationalism Greek Revolt, 1821-1830 Lord Byron *(Romanticism is one of the most frequent topic areas)

KEY CONCEPT 3.3 Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681 Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707 KEY CONCEPT 3.3 The problems of industrialization provoked a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses.  Liberal Reform in England Reform Bill of 1832 property requirements / suffrage “rotten districts” House of Commons

Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681 Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707  Liberal Reform in England Repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846 Anti-Corn Law League

Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681 John Stuart Mill – On Liberty 155-156 Old Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707  Liberal Reform in England Chartist Movement Utilitatianism *Jeremy Bentham *John Stuart Mill People’s Charter

Relations Between Capital and Labor 672-681 Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars 686-690 Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707  Liberal Reform in England Consequences stability *Factory Act of 1833 *Mines Act of 1842 *Ten Hours Act of 1847

Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707   Revolutions of 1830 French Revolution of 1830 Charles X Liberty Leading the People Louis Philippe, 1830-1848

Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707   Revolutions of 1830 Revolution in Belgium, 1830

Reforms and Revolutions Before 1848 701-707 Giuseppe Mazzini – Young Italy 163-164 Old   Revolutions of 1830 Italian Nationalism Carbonari Metternich / Holy Alliance Giuseppe Mazzini

Revolutions of 1848 707-713 Revolutions of 1848 Causes industrialization / urbanization liberals / radicals nationalism – Italy / Germany / Austria crop failure - *The “Hungry ’40s”

Revolutions of 1848 707-713 Revolutions of 1848 Revolution in France Louis Philippe, 1830-1848 Second Republic Louis Napoleon

Revolutions of 1848 707-713 Defeat in Italy Giuseppe Mazzini “Young Italy” *Risorgimento Roman Republic Metternich / Holy Alliance

Revolutions of 1848 707-713 Heinrich von Gagern – The Call for German Unity 159 Old Hope and Failure in Germany Zollverein, 1834 Friedrich Wilhelm IV, 1840-1861 Frankfurt Assembly “crown from the gutter”

Revolutions of 1848 707-713 Heinrich von Gagern – The Call for German Unity 159 Old Revolutions in the Austrian Empire Metternich robot Louis Kossuth Empress Sophia Franz Joseph, 1848-1916 Nicholas I / Holy Alliance

Key Points inner divisions conservative victory liberalism & nationalism will continue to grow England avoids repression grows in Russia Romanticism gives way to Realism *(focus on cause and effect)