EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects TREVE Vincent EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL WV activities ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6th Framework Program EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ATC-Wake Project CONCEPT: Conditional reduction of arrival separation in case of cross wind CONSTRAINTS: Stability of the weather forecast Reliability of the wake model RESULTS: Feasibility study Impact assessment EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6th Framework Program CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities CREDOS CONCEPT: Conditional reduction of departure separation in case of cross wind CONSTRAINTS: Variability of departing aircraft trajectories Faulted operation RESULTS: Feasibility study Impact assessment LIDAR validation LIDAR data bases EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6th Framework Program CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases WIDAO From 2007 to 2010 EUROCONTROL – DSNA Implementation project LFPG-1 WV databases Principles and guidance for WVE risk assessment EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities WIDAO CONCEPT: Independent departure and arrival operations on CSPR CONSTRAINTS: Variability in touchdown point Variability in rolling distance Simultaneity of the operations Baseline définition RESULTS: Significant capacity improvement First permanent implementation Full review and endorsement by the French regulation authority LIDAR data bases LFPG-1 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6th Framework Program CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases WIDAO From 2007 to 2010 EUROCONTROL – DSNA Implementation project LFPG-1 WV databases Principles and guidance for WVE risk assessment TBS for arrival From 2007 EUROCONTROL – NATS project EGGL-1 WV databases EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities TBS for arrival CONCEPT: Time based separation for mitigating headwind effect CONSTRAINTS: Fully model based approach Lack of operational databases RESULTS: Feasibility study First real-time simulations EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A380 Working Group Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) ICAO State letter (2008) EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities A380 ICAO WG CONCEPT: A380 separation design CONSTRAINTS: Based on LiDAR campaign Definition of Reasonable Worst Case International consensus required RESULTS: Interim guidance First set of separations Revised separation Flight test allowed for definition of better metric EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities A380 ICAO WG EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A380 Working Group Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) ICAO State letter (2008) Reduction of separation could be possible base on additional Flight Test Fresno (CA) LIDAR campaign (2010) ICAO B747-8 Working Group ICAO Guidance (2012) EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities B747-8 ICAO WG CONCEPT: B787-8 separation design CONSTRAINTS: Based on A380 process Understanding of the b* effect on decay RESULTS: Interim guidance Categorisation as Heavy EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A380 Working Group Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) ICAO State letter (2008) Reduction of separation could be possible base on additional Flight Test Fresno (CA) LIDAR campaign (2010) ICAO B747-8 Working Group ICAO Guidance (2012) EGLL (UK) LIDAR campaign RECAT European Safety Case in preparation EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 FAA / EUROCONTROL partnership CONCEPT: Definition of new 6-CAT wake separation scheme CONSTRAINTS: Mostly based on European data Conciliation of different objective: US (optimized for freighter Hub) EU (optimized for passenger Hub) RESULTS: No consensus at ICAO level But regional implementations EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 US Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A388 A124 A332 A333 A342 A343 A345 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96 A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95 B752 B753 A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90 B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100 AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4 SF34 FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 US Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A388 A124 A332 A333 A342 A343 A345 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96 A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95 B752 B753 A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90 B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100 AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4 SF34 FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 EU Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A388 A124 A332 A333 A342 A343 A345 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96 A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 B752 B753 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95 A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90 B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100 AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4 FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 SF34 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 EU vs US RECAT-1 EU Leader / Follower  J H M L A B C D E F 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 MRS RECAT-1 US Leader / Follower  J H M L A B C D E F 3.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 MRS 4.0 3.5 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities WIDAO Time Based Concept EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 RECAT EU RECAT US RECAT-2 WIDAO Dynamic Pair Wise Time Based Concept EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects Dynamic Pair Wise ORD WDS TBS TBS System PWS EGLL-1 EGLL-2 LFPG-2 LFPG-3 Lidar Val RECAT-2 Consult RECAT-EU Consult A380 A350 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Low Headwind Strong Headwind SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 24

Runway throughput reduced in case of headwind Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Runway throughput reduced in case of headwind 5.0 Nm = 122s 5.0 Nm = 141s SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 25

Separation reduction maintains runway thoughput Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Separation reduction maintains runway thoughput 5.0 Nm = 122s 4.6 Nm = 122 s SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 26

Separation designed at runway threshold EZY475A M 015 ↓ 160 A319 IBE652R H 005 ↓ 135 A343 Separation designed at runway threshold SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 27

The ORD indicator is computed as a function of EZY475A M 026 ↓ 200 A319 Because of the variability introduced by TBS – ATCO will need a support tool coping with compression IBE652R H 017 ↓ 160 A343 What should be applied on the glide for dealing with the compression effect and delivering the expected separation at threshold? The ORD indicator is computed as a function of the time separation to apply, the respective aircraft final approach speeds, the headwind conditions. SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 28

EZY475A M 025 ↓ 160 A319 IBE652R H 015 ↓ 160 A343 Concept illustration SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 29

Concept illustration IBE652R H 011 ↓ 140 A343 EZY475A M 021 ↓ 160 A319 IBE652R H 011 ↓ 140 A343 Concept illustration SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 30

Concept illustration IBE652R H 009 ↓ 135 A343 EZY475A M 019 ↓ 160 A319 IBE652R H 009 ↓ 135 A343 Concept illustration SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 31

Concept illustration IBE652R H 005 ↓ 135 A343 EZY475A M 015 ↓ 160 A319 IBE652R H 005 ↓ 135 A343 Concept illustration SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 32

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Distance separation reduction for maintaining runway throughput is based on the wind profile equivalent time to fly in the ground referential = reduction in the air referential reduction in the air referential = potential increase wake turbulence risk 5.0 Nm = 122s 4.6 Nm = 122 s (ground) 4.6 Nm = 112s (air) SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 33

Figures are illustrative Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Distance separation reduction for maintaining runway throughput is based on the wind profile equivalent time to fly in the ground referential = reduction in the air referential reduction in the air referential = potential increase wake turbulence risk This potential increase has to be assessed and mitigated HW < 5kt HW < 7kt HW < 9kt HW < 11kt 0-6,000ft is based on 20Nm joining point. In practice, aircraft will rarely join at above 4,000ft so this requirement is currently conservative but allows for some flexibility. Circulation Circulation Circulation Circulation Wake age Wake age Wake age Wake age Figures are illustrative SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 34

Separations for RECAT-2 are illustrative Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Initial concept – Category wise Refined concept – Pair wise based on distance per category pair   Follower Super Heavy Heavy Medium Light Leader 60s 145s 167s 189s 98s 122s   Follower B744 A333 B763 B737 A319 DH8D AT43 SF34 Leader Super Heavy  134s 141s  139s  161s  162s 161s 174s Heavy  93s 98s 97s  121s  123s 122s 134s Medium  60s 63s 65s  67s 68s  75s  66s  Light 65s 68s 75s 66s Separations for RECAT-2 are illustrative SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 35

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 2: Pair wise based on RECAT-2 Pairwise separation   Follower B744 A333 B763 B737 A319 DH8D AT43 SF34 Leader 60s 77s 85s 88s 91s 122s  134s  82s 93s 97s 102s 122s 63s 67s 72s B738 58s 64s 66s 68s 75s 66s  SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 36 36

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 3: Weather dependant relaxation of WT separations   Follower B744 A333 B763 B737 A319 DH8D AT43 SF34 Leader 60s B738 SESAR P6.8.1 - TBS for Arrivals concept validation 37 37