Forensic Scientist.

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Presentation transcript:

Forensic Scientist

A forensic scientist collects and analyses evidence from crime scenes A forensic scientist collects and analyses evidence from crime scenes. You may be working outdoors at a crime scene collecting evidence or in a laboratory analysing evidence. Forensic scientists work closely with the Police and Crown Prosecution Service.

What do forensic scientists do in their day to day job? 1) They firstly examine items of evidence submitted to the laboratory (they do not go to the crime scene and investigate) for the presence of bodily fluids. 2) Then if body fluid stains are noted on the evidence, they perform chemical extraction processes to remove the DNA from the stain. 3) Then once the DNA is removed, additional chemical processes are utilized in specific machines to replicate specific areas of DNA that can help to uniquely identify the source of the body fluid. 4) Then a comparison is then made to DNA profiles from any individuals believed to be involved in the crime (suspects and victims). If the DNA profile from the evidence matches a person, and that DNA profile is exceedingly rare, then it can be stated that they are the source of that DNA. 5) Finally after all these process‘s reports are then written for all testing performed, and it is possible that any one of the cases worked may end up going to trial where expert testimony is needed.

What other agencies do they work with Crime scene investigators CPS Police officers/detectives Pathologists The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) uses forensic science for humanitarian purposes to clarify the fate of missing persons after armed conflict, disasters or migration, and is one of the services related to Restoring Family Links and Missing Persons. Knowing what has happened to a missing relative can often make it easier to proceed with the grieving process and move on with life for families of missing persons. Forensic science is used by various other organizations to clarify the fate and whereabouts of persons who have gone missing. Examples include the NGO Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, working to clarify the fate of people who disappeared during the period of the 1976–1983 military dictatorship. The International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) uses forensic science to find missing persons, for example after the conflicts in the Balkans.

Evidence forensic scientist might collect? Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyse scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role, performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals.

Specialist equipment The biological material used to determine a DNA profile include blood, semen, saliva, urine, feces, hair, teeth, bone, tissue and cells. Investigators collect items that could have been touched or worn by persons involved in a crime. The following items may contain DNA material: Masks Hats Gloves Clothing Tools Weapons Sexual assault evidence kits Underclothes Bedding Dirty laundry Fingernail scrapings Cups/bottles Cigarettes Toothpicks Toothbrush Facial tissue Hairbrush Eyeglasses Condoms Tape Ligatures (rope, wire, cords) Stamps or envelopes Depending on your type of forensic analysis there are several forensic instruments and equipment options to choose from. Central to most forensic labs are: Microscopes Fume hoods Chromatographs Spectrometers

How do you get into the job? To work as a forensic scientist you'll usually need either a degree in a scientific subject, such as biological sciences or chemistry, or a degree in forensic science. Degree subjects such as statistics and geology can be useful for entry into specialist areas of forensic science.

How long does it take to train to be a forensic scientist? You’ll usually need a degree or postgraduate award in forensic science. You may also be able to get into this career with a science-based degree like chemistry, biology, life sciences, applied sciences or medical sciences. The length of a forensic science program will depend on which degree program you're enrolled in. An associate degree program will generally take around two years to complete, while a bachelor's degree will take four years.

Strength and limitation Limitations The government doesn’t have to pay a lot to fund them. Only earn between 20-40K a year, cost effective. Weighing Evidence in Context 1. When there is little evidence (of any kind), any piece of scientific testimony carries much more weight than its scientific strength may warrant. 2. When there is an abundance of evidence, any single piece of evidence may be given less weight than it deserves. 3. The admissibility, strength, and validity of scientific evidence should always be considered in the context of the broader case. The use of DNA evidence has resulted in overturning the sentences of 250 jury-convicted individuals in the United States, according the to Justice Project. Forensic science techniques and technology has rapidly advanced. These 250 individuals had been wrongly convicted of crimes they did not commit. The use of forensic science, specifically DNA testing, has helped earn many of these individuals freedom. It Starts At The Crime Scene Any criminal investigation hinges on the ability of the investigator to properly identify evidence: evidence not identified and collected will never be analysed. But it can be difficult for a crime scene analyst to recognize the potential value in an item: the scene is typically a place the investigator has never been before, such as a private home or an individual’s office. Availably may be an issue due to the lack of forensic scientist in the country (5,000)

Evaluation How many forensic scientist are there in the UK? 5,000 The starting salary for a forensic scientist is around £20,000 per year, which can rise to a range of £25,000 to £35,000 per year with experience. Senior forensic scientists are likely to earn £45,000 per year or more. If you want to work as an assistant forensic scientist, you'll need at least four good GCSE passes, including English and either science (biology/chemistry) or maths, and at least one A-level or equivalent in a science subject. In practice, however, many assistant forensic scientists have at least a first degree. How do you go about a career in forensics? What is a Forensic Scientist? Step 1: Earn a Bachelor's Degree. A bachelor's degree in biology, chemistry, physics or physical anthropology is sufficient for entry-level work as a forensic scientist. ... Step 2: Participate in an Internship. ... Step 3: Earn a Graduate Degree. ... Step 4: Obtain a Job. ... Step 5: Consider Certification. Forensic scientist will have to work between 37-40 hours per wee Skills required You’ll need: a logical and analytical approach patience and concentration highly developed observation and scientific skills a high degree of accuracy and attention to detail strong written and spoken communication skills Your day-to-day tasks may include: blood grouping and DNA profiling analysing fluid and tissue samples for traces of drugs and poisons examining splash patterns and the distribution of particles analysing handwriting, signatures, ink and paper providing expert advice on explosives, firearms and ballistics researching and developing new technologies recovering data from computers, mobile phones and other electronic equipment attending crime scenes, such as a murder or fire giving impartial scientific evidence in court How many forensic scientist are there in the UK? 5,000