Sociology: Population Change

Overview SEGMENT 1: Measuring Population Change SEGMENT 2: Population Dynamics SEGMENT 3: Urbanization

Measuring Population Change SEGMENT 1

Measuring Population Change Demographic Variables – three ways to measure population growth Fertility – the number of children a women actually bears Mortality – annual deaths per 1,000 people Migration – the Net migration rate is the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Measuring Population Change

Population Dynamics SEGMENT 2

Population Dynamics Population Growth Equation Growth rate = (#)Migrants+(#)Births – (#)Deaths Current Population Exercise Migrants = 11 Births = 43 Deaths= 24 Current Population = 3000 Growth Rate = .

Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics Thomas Malthus, an English Economist, believed that the population will grow geometrically while the food supply grows arithmetically (Thomas Theorem) The population will eventually outstrip the food supply New Malthusians – The world’s population is following an exponential growth curve Eventually, there will not be enough food to feed the rapidly growing population

Population Dynamics Anti-Malthusians believe that “demographic transition” is a more accurate picture of the future Stage 1- Birth rates and death rates are balanced Stage 2 – Births far outnumber deaths (population explosion Stage 3 – Births drop, and births and deaths become balanced Stage 4 – Deaths outnumber births (population shrinkage) Population decline is already occurring in over 65 countries

Population Dynamics Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 14.3 The Demographic Transition Note: The standard demographic transition is depicted by Stages 1–3. Stage 4 has been suggested by some Anti-Malthusians.

URBANIZATION SEGMENT 3

URBANIZATION Urbanization refers to masses of people moving to the cities 77 % of the population in the industrialized world lives in cities Cities can be defined as Metropolis – Central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs Megalopolis – Two metropolises and their many suburbs Megacity – A City with 10 million residents

URBANIZATION

URBANIZATION Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 14.14 Urban Growth and Urban Flight

URBANIZATION The Concentric Zone Model – Ernest Burgess – cities expand outward from its center – 5 zones The Sector Model – Homer Hoyt – a concentric zone can contain several sectors The Multiple-Nuclei Model – Harris and Ullman – some cities have several centers (i.e. fast food restaurants and clothing stores)

URBANIZATION

URBANIZATION From Country to City – In 1790 only 5 % of Americans lived in cities; today it is 79 % From City to City – six of the fastest growing cities are in the West and 4 are in the South From City to Suburb – Suburbanization – Today, over 50 % of Americans live in Suburbs– why?

URBANIZATION

URBANIZATION

RECAP SEGMENT 1: Measuring Population Change SEGMENT 2: Population Dynamics SEGMENT 3: Urbanization