INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY @ Agents causing diseases in humans belong to the groups: Bacteria, fungi, viruses, chlamydia, rickettsia Parasites (protozoa and helminthes).

Biological Relationships of Pathogenic Micro-organisms: Kingdom Pathogens Types of cells Animal Helminthes Eukaryotic Plant None Eukaryotic Protist Protozoa Eukaryotic Protist Fungi Eukaryotic Prokaryote Bacteria Prokaryotic - Viruses Non-cellular

@ Protozoa are unicellular organisms @ Fungi are simple multicellular organisms. @ Helminthes are complex multicellular, metazoan @ Viruses are not cells, but can replicate inside cells.

Comparison of medically important organisms: Property Viruses Bacteria Fungi Parasites Cells No Yes Yes Yes Diameter 0.02-0.2 1-5 3-10 15 – 25 (µm) yeast trophozoite DNA/RNA One Both Both Both Nucleus None Prokar. Eukar. Eukar. Ribosomes Absent 70 S 80 S 80s Mitochondria Absent Absent Present Present Surface Capsid Rigid Rigid Membrane Envelope Wall Wall Motility None Some None Most Replication No binary Binary Budding/ Mitosis fission fission Mitosis

@ Eukaryotes have true nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane, replicate by mitosis. @ Prokaryotes have a nucleoid without a membrane or a mitotic apparatus. @ Eukaryotes have: mitochondria, lysosomes, & prokaryotes : none

@ Eukaryotes have sterols in cell membrane @ Prokaryotes have none (except Mycoplasma). @ Protozoa locomote by flagella, cilia, pseudopods, @ Bacteria locomote by flagella.

Comparison: Prokaryotes (bacteria) Eukaryotes (human) Property Bacteria Human DNA in a nuclear Membrane No Yes Mitotic division No Yes DNA + histones No Yes Chromosome number One More than one Mitochondria + Lysosomes No Yes Size of ribosomes 70 S 80 S Peptidoglycan Yes No