Chapter Six US History These notes are about WWI Though it’s a war, we can still have fun Don’t be a hater, notes will help your brain Today will be fun peppered with some insane

Family Resemblance?! These three rulers were first cousins and fought against each other in WWI. Russia and Great Britain fought against Germany in WWI. Czar Nicholas II Russia King George V Great Britain Kaiser Wilhelm II Germany

Causes of WWI The Naval Race The Balkan Crisis (Map on next slide) Great Britain and Germany competed for the best Navy GB, France and Russians had a entente cordiale The Balkan Crisis (Map on next slide) Nationalism grew in Europe in the 1800s Self-Determination Serbs, Bosnians, Croats and Slovenes pushed for their own culture Bosnia wanted their own nation but Austria Hungary did not want to honor that

Another Cause: Alliances If one member of the alliance is attacked, allies are forced to declare war on the attacking country An attack on one is considered an attack on all

Alliance Maps 1914 1915

Yet Another Cause: Balkans crisis Austria- Hungary Annexes Slavic region-Bosnia and Herzegovina (1908)

Final STRAW Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian throne killed, along with wife Sophie Shot by 19 yr old Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip while touring Sarajevo in Bosnia Archduke Franz Ferdinand with wife Sophie

Artist’s portrayal of the assassination

The Outbreak of World War I cont. A Continent Goes to War June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria Hungary) visited Sarajevo Ferdinand and his wife were killed in their open car July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia August 1 Germany declared war on Russia August 3 Germany declared war on France

American Neutrality Americans Take Sides Pro-British Sentiment Favored the Allied Cause (UK, Russia, France, Italy…) Pro-British Sentiment Wilson’s cabinet Used propaganda (UK was skillful at this) Business Links Companies in US had ties to Allies Companies were giving money to foreign governments

The United States Enters World War I Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy Remember he won the 1912 election because Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote Wanted to promote democracy all over the world He strongly opposed imperialism but wanted to use Moral Diplomacy which forced him to be involved in foreign affairs

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy cont. The Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz - Mexican dictator 1911 - revolution forcing Diaz out of the country Francisco Madero took over, but was killed by General Victoriano Huerta who took power Wilson did not like Huerta Hey, Huerta… no me gusta dictators. Hey, Wilson… You stink and in the future, everyone will hate the League of Nations.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy cont. Wilson Sends Troops Into Mexico In 1914, some Americans were taken in Mexico Short lived but Wilson sent troops to overthrow Huerta and took over Veracruz Venustiano Carranza took over as president Mexicans did not like him so Pancho Villa and a group of guerillas burned down Columbus, New Mexico Wilson sent troops to get Villa but failed and it hurt our foreign policy

The Outbreak of World War I The Alliance System Date Countries 1864 German Kingdom of Prussia wars to unite Germany 1871 German Empire 1870 Prussia attacked France to give up territory for the Empire Germany signed alliances with Italy and Austria Hungary to protect itself (TRIPLE ALLIANCE) Alliance scared Russia 1894 Russia and France signed Franco-Russian Alliance

The Outbreak of World War I Germany’s Plan Fails Cause Effect Germans attacked French Germans had to go through the Balkans GB declared war on Germany GB declared war All members of Triple Entente had to be involved (Allies) Italy joins Triple Entente Countries involved changes to Germany and Austria Hungary Joined with Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria to form Central Powers German success in France Russia attacked Germany Germany was surprised Forced to move from France to deal with Russia Battle of the Marne Germany was trying to get to Paris GB and France stopped them Central Powers have success on the Eastern Front

Moving Toward War The British Blockade British blocked supplies to Germans Germans deployed Uboats (underwater boats) to stop the blockade Uboats would sink any boat found in waters around Britian May 1915 British passenger liner Lusitania entered war zone German Uboats blew up the Lusitania March 1916 Uboats torpedoed French passenger ship the Sussex Wilson decided not to enter the war and won reelection in 1916

Moving Toward War cont. The United States Declares War Remember Wilson is engaged in Mexico and does not want to enter WWI Germany sent a telegram (Zimmerman telegram) to Mexico to get them as allies US intercepted the telegram and decided war with Germany was necessary Germans began using Uboats again Feb. 3-Mar. 21 - German Uboats sank 6 US Merchant ships Wilson went before Congress asking for a Declaration of War April 6, US entered the war