Connecting Desktops and Laptops to Networks 10 Connecting Desktops and Laptops to Networks

Essay in Scientific American, November 22, 2010 Several principles are key to assuring that the Web becomes ever more valuable. The primary design principle underlying the Web’s usefulness and growth is universality. When you make a link, you can link to anything. That means people must be able to put anything on the Web, no matter what computer they have, software they use or human language they speak and regardless of whether they have a wired or wireless Internet connection. Tim Berners-Lee Essay in Scientific American, November 22, 2010

Learning Outcomes Configure a client for a TCP/IP network. Connect to the Internet. Work with basic Internet clients. Configure File and Printer clients. Troubleshoot common network client problems.

Configuring a Network Connection LO 10.1

Introduction Protocol Set of rules formalized in a standard Protocols define software used to communicate over networks Software must work together Software bundled together in a protocol stack TCP/IP is the most important protocol stack

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Suite of many protocols that work together Protocol suite of the Internet and private networks Two core protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Manages the accurate delivery of messages Verifies and resends pieces that fail to reach the destination TCP has several sub-protocols

Internet Protocol (IP) Delivers packets to destination host based on IP address Allows for routing IP has several subprotocols Two versions IPv4 – the standard since 1983 IPv6 – greatly improved standard gradually adopted by the Internet

Internet Protocol (IP) Why IPv6 is better than IPv4 It has many more addresses It works better with mobile devices using Mobile IP It automatically assigns addresses to devices in a very reliable way It manages addresses better It has subprotocols that support better security

Internet Protocol (IP) IP Addressing Fundamentals An IP address is assigned to a network adapter A modem (cable, DSL, or analog) has an address Each network adapter in a computer must have an address An IP address with a subnet mask applied identifies host and network Routing protocols determine how to send packets to destinations Globally unique IP address for each device on the Internet

Viewing the Internet Protocol Settings in Windows The Windows 7 Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 Addresses In use for three decades 32-bit addressing (232) 4.3 billion possible IP addresses Allocation methods reduced the usable addresses Four parts in dotted-decimal format [192.168.1.134] Each part is within 0 to 255 Last IPv4 block assigned on February 1, 2011

IP Settings in Windows 7

IP Settings in OS X

IP Settings in the Ubuntu Linux Unity GUI

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv6 Addresses Internet transitioning to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) New addressing scheme with many more addresses Manufacturers and standards organizations preparing 128-bit addressing (2128) Eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons

IPv6 Due to lack of space, the figure in the book shows the binary representation breaking in the middle. This slide shows it as it appears in the book and without the break. 0010000000000010 0000010001110000 1011100011111001 0000000000000000 0000001000001100 0010100111111111 1111111001010011 0100010111001010

Internet Protocol (IP) Which addresses can you use? Public Addresses Assigned to hosts on the Internet Must be unique on the entire Internet Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Private Addresses

Private IP Addresses

Internet Protocol (IP) How does a NIC get an address? Static Address Assignment Automatic Address Assignment Automatic IP Addressing (Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Automatic Private IP Address Assignment (APIPA)

Internet Protocol (IP) IP Configuration Settings Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Server

The Internet Protocol Version 4 Properties

Subnet Mask A subnet mask identifies the net ID and host ID portions of an IP address This image is a corrected version of Figure 10-7.

The Network and Sharing Center

Network Connections

Local Area Connection Status

Local Area Connection Properties

The ipconfig /all command in the Windows Command Prompt

The ifconfig –a command in the OS X Terminal

The ifconfig –a command in Ubuntu Linux

Connecting to the Internet LO 10.2

A Connection to the Internet Wide Area network (WAN) Internet Service Provider (ISP) Computer-to-Internet versus LAN-to-Internet

Connecting to the Internet Connecting from a computer or though a LAN

Wired Connectivity Technologies Dial-up Connections Using Analog Modems Use traditional phone system Inexpensive WAN option 56Kbps Need ISP service Cannot use voice and data on same line

Wired Connectivity Technologies High-Speed Wired Access Integrated services digital network (ISDN) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Cable

Wireless Connectivity Technologies Wireless WAN (WWAN) Connections Digital wireless network that covers a large geographical area Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Uses radio signals over cellular sites and satellites

Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) A WWAN includes devices that retransmit the wireless signal

Satellite Communications Accessing the Internet using a satellite WWAN connection

Wireless Connectivity Technologies Wireless LAN (WLAN) Connections Local area network using a Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac Maximum distance a few hundred feet Does not connect directly to an ISP For Internet access connect to a router that also has a WAN connection Device is usually a combined wireless access point (WAP) and Internet router Newer 802.11 standards faster and more secure Latest standard 802.11ac

Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Simulated private network running inside a “tunnel” over a WAN Connect a computer or mobile device to a remote access VPN Connect two sites for a site-to-site VPN Encapsulate each data packet at the sending end Remove data from encapsulation at the receiving end Secure by encrypting the data before encapsulating Secure by requiring authentication at both ends of the tunnel

Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) A remote access VPN

Using Internet Clients LO 10.3

Web Browsers HTTP client software for browsing Web servers Translates code on Web servers to display pages on local computer Versions for OS X, Windows, and Linux (as well as for mobile OSs) Free Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Internet Explorer Apple Safari

Common Browser Features Add-ons Autofill Automatic updates Bookmarks Integrated search engine Password manager RSS feeds Save tabs Search within page Synchronization Tabbed browsing Zoom

Google Chrome Clean look Tabs No menu bar Chrome button on right Online Help

Mozilla Firefox Clean look Tabs Hide or display menu bar Online Help

Mozilla Firefox View menu Tools menu

Microsoft Internet Explorer Tools button opens menu Clean look Tabs Hide or display menu bar Many options on Tools menu Online Help

Other Browsers Opera (www.opera.com) Safari (www.apple.com/safari)

Security and Web Browsers Cookies Browsing History Private Browsing Passwords Pop-Ups

Security and Web Browsers The Chrome Content Settings page includes settings for Cookies

Security and Web Browsers The Firefox Privacy page with settings for Cookies

Security and Web Browsers The Internet Explorer Privacy page with settings for Cookies, Pop-up Blocker, location, and InPrivate Browsing

Security and Web Browsers The Chrome History page

Security and Web Browsers The Internet Explorer History page in the Website Data Settings dialog box

Security and Web Browsers Chrome incognito Firefox Private Browsing Internet Explorer InPrivate Browsing

Security and Web Browsers The Search results after searching on password in Chrome settings

Security and Web Browsers The Firefox Change Master Password dialog box

Security and Web Browsers The AutoComplete Settings for Internet Explorer

Email Clients Types of Email Clients Outlook Windows Live Mail POP IMAP Web Mail Outlook Windows Live Mail

Email Clients Configuring and Using an Email Client Type of mail server Account name and password DNS name of incoming mail server DNS name of outgoing mail server

Email Clients Configure an email client

Email Clients Using an email client

FTP Clients File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Transfer files between client and server computers Anonymous FTP allows anonymous connection FTP site with security requires account login

FTP Clients Configuring an FTP Client Host name of FTP server User ID and Password Passive mode connection Secure SSL connection

FTP Clients FireFTP client – an add-on to Firefox

Sharing Files and Printers LO 10.4

The Server Side of File and Printer Sharing File and printer server runs sharing service A share is a shared folder or printer Share is a separate entity form a disk folder Share is a separate entity from a physical printer Installed and enabled by default in Windows

The Server Side of File and Printer Sharing The Windows File and Printer Sharing service is enabled

The Client Side of File and Printer Sharing File and printer client for each file-sharing service Client for Microsoft installed and enabled by default Can see computers with Microsoft file and printer sharing enabled See both Windows servers and desktop computers Connecting to shares depends on permissions

The Client Side of File and Printer Sharing A Windows File and Printer Sharing client detects four servers

Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 and Windows 8 with HomeGroups Create HomeGroups Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, and Windows RT Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise Clients to HomeGroups Windows 7 all editions

Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 and Windows 8 with HomeGroups Requirements and Restrictions Only Windows 7 and Windows 8 can participate in HomeGroups A member of a Windows Active Directory Domain cannot create a HomeGroup A member of a Windows Active Directory Domain can join a HomeGroup Windows 7 computer must connect to a Home network Windows 8 computer must connect to a Private network IPv6 must be enabled and all firewalls must support IPv6 File and Printer sharing must be turned on for each computer participating User at each computer determines what libraries and printers are shared

Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 and Windows 8 with HomeGroups This Windows 7 computer is connected to a Home network

Creating a HomeGroup in Windows 7 Click Create a HomeGroup

Creating a HomeGroup in Windows 7 Select what you want to share

Creating a HomeGroup in Windows 7 Use this password at other Windows 7 or Windows 8 computers to join them to this HomeGroup

Sharing the Public Folder in Windows 7 Public folder is under Users and contains Public folders for each Library

Sharing the Public Folder in Windows 7 Copy data into Public folders in Libraries

Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems LO 10.5

Built-In Network Diagnostics Windows 7 Network Diagnostics tool Similar tool in Windows 8

Built-In Network Diagnostics OS X Network Utility with tabs for several tools

Testing IP Configurations and Connectivity Verifying IP Configuration with ipconfig Troubleshooting Connection Errors with the ping Command

Two networks connected by a router

Testing an IP Configuration Ipconfig /all Local IP address

Testing an IP Configuration Ping your computer Then ping a nearby computer (not shown)

Testing an IP Configuration Ping the Gateway

Troubleshooting Connection Problems with Tracert Look for the router with the greatest delay

Troubleshooting DNS Errors Using Ping Ping domain name to see IP address

Troubleshooting DNS Errors Using Netstat The netstat command displays the information about current connections to the local computer

Using Nslookup to Troubleshoot DNS The nslookup command reveals a DNS problem