Starter: How effective was the persecution of the Jews?

Move towards persecution Why were the Jews treated so badly? Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

How did the Nazis treat minority groups? Kristallnacht The Nuremburg Laws Anti Semitic policies Einsatzgruppen in WW2 How did the Nazis treat minority groups? Treatment of the disabled The Final Solution What were the Nazis’ beliefs about race Wannsee Conference Extermination Master Race/ Aryans “Inferior” races Destruction Through Work

How significant were the Nuremberg Laws These laws stopped Jews being German citizens. They banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews in Germany. They also banned sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jews. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Kristallnacht 1938 — The Night of the Broken Glass A Jew murdered a German diplomat in Paris in November 1938. There was rioting throughout Germany — thousands of Jewish shops were smashed, and thousands of Jews were arrested. Nazi propaganda made people believe that the Jews were bad for Germany, so they should be sent to special Concentration Camps, or humiliated and maltreated in public. Many people believed the camps were work-camps, where the Jews would work for Germany. Later, Nazi policy became more terrible as they tried to exterminate the Jewish race. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

German opposition to the persecution It's hard to understand why so few people protested — there were four main reasons: Everybody was scared of the SS and the Gestapo. People were better off after years of hardship, and chose to ignore what they didn't like. Goebbels propaganda was so effective that people didn't get the whole story about what was really going on — but believed the Nazi government knew best. Opponents, like the communists, had been eliminated. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Hitler’s beliefs The Germans were a pure race from Aryan descent which had been contaminated by subhumans. Jews and Slavs were subhumans. Hitler believed in selective breeding by making sure all non Aryans did not reproduce. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Persecution of the Jews 1933-39 Anti semitism in schools: propaganda through lessons and textbooks. November 1938 all Jews expelled from schools. Laws against Jews: 1933 SA organised a boycott of shops. 1935 Nuremburg Laws. Only those of German blood could be German citizens and Jews lost their citizenship e.g. right to vote. They also made relations between Jews and German citizens illegal. 1938 – Jews had to carry identity cards and had the red letter J stamped on their passports. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Persecution of the Jews 1933-39 Kristallnacht 9 November 1938 A polish Jew shot a German official at the Embassy in Paris. Goebbels organised anti Jewish demos on the 9-10 November attacking Jewish shops, homes and Synagogues. So many windows were smashed that it became known as the “Night of the Broken Glass” or Kristallnacht. 100 Jews were killed and 20,000 were sent to concentration camps. Many ordinary Germans were disgusted at the violence but Hitler said they had provoked the attack. Hitler ordered Jews be fined 1 billion Reichmarks for damage, Jews were no longer allowed to own or manage shops, Jewish children could no longer attend Aryan schools. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Persecution of the Jews 1933-39 1939 Reich office for Jewish Emigration set up under Heydrich. Tried to implement forced immigration wanting other countries to take Jews. Jews had to give up all metal and jewellery. 30 April they were evicted into ghettos. September Jews had to give up radios so they couldn’t listen to foreign news. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Evaluation task Explain why each group of “undesirable” was not liked in Nazi Germany. How important were the Nuremberg Laws, amongst other factors in implementing Nazi policies on race? Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Evaluation task Explain why each group of “undesirable” was not liked in Nazi Germany. Why do you think it was possible for the persecution of the Jews to increase and not be challenged by German citizens? Why was it so difficult for the Jews to resist persecution? Why did other countries, such as Britain not do anything about it? How important were the Nuremberg Laws, amongst other factors in implementing Nazi policies on race? Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Examination technique Why was the Wannsee Conference important? (4) How important were the Nuremberg Laws, amongst other factors in implementing Nazi policies on race? (12) How important was the Second World War, amongst other factors in changing Nazi policies towards the Jews? (12) Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem

Source work What does these sources suggest about Nazi views on race? (4) How useful is are these sources for understanding Nazi treatment of the Jews? (8) Use the sources and your own knowledge to help you answer these questions. Source B: A cartoon from an anti-Semitic Nazi children’s book of 1938 (Jewish Teacher and Children leaving the school) Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the steps towards persecution regarding the Jewish problem