Cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA&feature=youtu.be

The Diversity of Cells Chapter 3 Section 1 (p. 60 – 66)

Cell and Cell Theory The cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life. The first person to describe cells was Hooke. Leeuwenhoek discovered single-celled organisms including bacteria. Schleiden concluded that all plant parts were made of cells Schwann concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells. Virchow concluded that all cells come from existing cells.

The three parts of cell theory. All organisms are made of 1 or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of living things. All cells come from existing cells. ***All cells have a cell membrane, but only plants and fungi have cell walls.

Parts of a cell Cell membrane – a protective layer that covers a cell’s surface Cytoplasm – the fluid inside a cell Organelle – a structure that performs a specific function in the cell. DNA – the genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells or new organisms. Nucleus – an organelle that contains DNA and has a role in growth, metabolism and reproduction

Two Kinds of Cells All cells have cell membranes, organelles, cytoplasm and DNA. The two kinds of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Prokaryotes Single cell No nucleus (Pro – No) No membrane bound organelles Eubacteria or bacteria are the most common Three types of archaebacteria Heat loving Salt loving Methane making

Ribosomes Tiny round organelles Made of protein and other material

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes are about 10 times larger than Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes have a nucleus in their cells Humans are eukaryotes Humans are multicellular (many cells)

Chapter 3 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells The function of the cell wall is to give support to a cell Cell walls of plants and algae are made of cellulose The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin

4. A cell membrane is a protective layer that encloses the cell and separates the cell’s contents from the cells environment. 5. The three types of compounds contained in the cell membrane are: Lipids Phospholipids Proteins 6. Two substances that control the movement of materials into and out of the cell are proteins and lipids

7. A web of proteins in the cytoplasm is known as the cytoskeleton. 8 7. A web of proteins in the cytoplasm is known as the cytoskeleton. 8. Two functions of the cytoskeleton are to keep the cell’s membrane from collapsing and to help some cells move. 9. The genetic material contained inside a cell’s nucleus is DNA. 10. The function of proteins in a cell is to control chemical reactions 11. A nucleolus is a dark area of the nucleus that stores materials and makes ribosomes.

12. organelles that make proteins are called ribosomes. 13 12. organelles that make proteins are called ribosomes. 13. Proteins are made of amino acids. 14. A system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids and other materials are made is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 15. Two forms of endoplasmic reticulum are smooth ER and rough ER.

Mitochondrion breaks down sugar to produce energy. 17. The site of cellular respiration is the mitochondria 18. Energy is produced in mitochondria is stored in a substance called ATP.

19. Chloroplasts are organelles that are found in the cells of plants and algae. 20. Photosynthesis happens inside a chloroplast. 21. Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophyll. 22. The function of the Golgi complex is to package and deliver proteins. 23. A small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell is a vesicle.

24. Lysosome is a vesicle responsible for digestion inside a cell. Lysosomes destroy worn-out or damaged organelles, get rid of wastes and protect the cell from foreign invaders. 26. Vacuoles are large organelles that act like lysosomes or store water and other material. Cell Theory Rap http://viewpure.com/wFvI9zc19yc?start=0&end=0

Cell Structures Video http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/preview.weml sscsd