neo-analytic psychology: jung Assist. Prof. Merve Topcu Department of Psychology, Çankaya University 2016-2017, Fall Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Carl Jung A compendium of opposites The mind/psyche has three parts: Ego The personal unconscious The collective unconscious Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

ConscIous sensed by the ego the center of consciousness, but not the core of personality Personality & Self Healthy individuals are in contact with their conscious world, but they also allow themselves to experience their unconscious self and thus to achieve individuation

Ego Parts of the mind: Ego The conscious part of personality Embodies the sense of self Similar to Freud’s concept of ego Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The personal unconscious Parts of the mind: The personal unconscious Repressed infantile memories and impulses, forgotten events, and experiences Contains thoughts that are not currently part of conscious awareness Not only threatening and unacceptable material, but all non- conscious material Contains past and “future” material

Carl Jung Complexes Contents of the personal unconscious A “complex” is a group of emotionally charged thoughts that are related to a particular theme Jung created a word association test to study complexes The pattern of words produced reveals the complex E.g., ‘Father’, the word

The collective unconscious Elements that we have never experienced individually but which have come down to us from own ancestors A deeper level of the unconscious Shared with the rest of humanity Contains archetypes universal emotional symbols transmitted through generations Highly developed unconscious material the notion of self-realization by attaining a balance between various opposing forces of personality responsible for people's many myths, legends, and religious beliefs

Archetypes Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious When a personal experience corresponds to the latent primorhal image, the archetype becomes activated When activated, it expresses itself through several modes, primarily dreams, fantasies, and delusions Instinct as an unconscious physical impulse toward action

Archetypes The psychic counterpart to an instinct Animus/Anima Male element in a woman/female element in a man Persona & Shadow Socially acceptable front vs. dark and unacceptable side of personality Self-realization Great Mother & Old Wise Man Gender-free Embodiment of generativity and fertility two opposing forces (fertility & nourishment vs. power & destruction) humans' preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life Hero & Demon Strong force for good vs. cruelty and evil the hero often is undone by some seemingly insignificant person or event

sElf innate disposition to move toward growth, perfection, and completion the self is the archetype of archetypes pulls together the other archetypes and unites them in the process of self-realization Mandala represents the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance, and wholeness Psychosis

Jung’s conceptıon of personalıty

Symbol for ideal personality

Dynamıcs of personalıty Causality present events have their origin in previous experiences Teleology Present events are motivated by goals and aspirations for the future that direct a person's destiny Human behavior is shaped by both causal and teleological forces and that causal explanations must be balanced with teleological ones. Progression vs regression process of healthy personality development create a balanced personality and to grow toward self-realization

Psychologıcal functıons The four functions of the mind: Sensing to tell that something exist Thinking recognize the meaning Feeling to tell its value & meaning Intuiting allows to know w/out knowing how The two major attitudes of the mind: Extraversion vs introversion

Psychologıcal types The two major attitudes of the mind: Extroversion Attitude as a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction The way which person turning his/her psychic energy Extroversion Use objective data to make evaluations Directs psychic energy toward things in the external world Introversion Directs psychic energy inward Base their value judgments primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective facts

Psychologıcal functıons The four functions of the mind: Thinking Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas Extraverted thinking Rely on concrete thoughts, are objective Intraverted thinking Rely on subjective meanings & representations Feeling Describe the process of evaluating an idea or event Valuing Evaluation of every conscious activity Any of the four functions can lead to emotion when their strength is increased Extraversion vs introversion

Psychologıcal functıons Sensing The function that receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness E.g., ‘This surface feels smooth’ Extraversion perceive external stimuli objectively Introversion They are guided by their interpretation of sense stimuli rather than the stimuli themselves Give a subjective interpretation to objective phenomena Intuiting Perception beyond the workings of consciousness E.g., "I have a feeling that this will be my lucky day« Extraversion vs introversion

Psychologıcal functıons Attitudes could be paired w/ any one or more functions 4 functions 2 attitudes 8 possible types (4 x 2) Typology Each person has a “best fit” to one type Determined by the person’s dominant function and dominant attitude Forms the basis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Development of personalıty A series of stages that culminate in individuation, or self- realization Ability in achieving balance between the poles of the various opposing processes Stages of development Childhood Youth Middle life Old age

Development of personalıty Stages of development Childhood The anarchic Chaotic and sporadic consciousness little or no connection w/ consciousness Monarchic Development of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking Islands of consciousness become larger Dualistic Ego is divided into the objective and subjective Aware of their existence as separate individuals Youth The period from puberty until middle life Strive to gain psychic and physical independence from their parents, find a mate, raise a family, and make a place in the world Conservative principle: Avoiding problems pertinent to the present time of life Middle life Old age

Development of personalıty Stages of development Middle life Begins at approximately age 35 or 40 Letting go the social and moral values of their early life Giving up the extraverted goals of youth and moving in the introverted direction of expanded consciousness look forward to the future with hope and anticipation, surrender the lifestyle of youth, and discover new meaning in middle life Old age death is the goal of life first finding meaning in death

Development of personalıty Self-realization Individuation The process of integrating the opposite poles into a single homogeneous individual Functioning in unity achieved realization of the self, minimized their persona, recognized their anima or animus, and acquired a workable balance between introversion and extraversion Elevated all four of the functions to a superior position, an extremely difficult accomplishment Allow the unconscious self to become the core of personality Aware of the regressive process that leads to self-discovery

Methods of ınvestıgatıon Word association test Dream analysis Active imagination

Psychotherapy Aim is to self-transformation Help neurotic patients become healthy Encourage healthy people to work independently toward self- realization Transference Countertransference