What do you Mean I Have to Cite my Sources? A Guide to MLA Format & Style Norris- 2013

What is MLA? MLA (Modern Language Association) style specifies guidelines for formatting documents and using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a system for referencing sources though parenthetical, or in-text citations, in his or her writing, as well as in the Work Cited page. Norris- 2013

Guide to MLA Format & Style MLA Formatting Parenthetical Citations or In-Text Citations Works Cited Page Norris- 2013

General Formatting Guidelines Type on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper Double-space everything Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font (or similar font) Leave only one space after punctuation Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch Header with page numbers in the upper right corner Use italics for titles Endnotes go on a separate page before your Works Cited page Norris- 2013

MLA Format Example Header Heading Title 1” Norris- 2013

Margins and Spacing All margins should be set to 1” Select Page Layout Select Margins Select Normal Setting (top, bottom, right & left margins set to 1”) Double space the entire document Select Paragraph Select Line Spacing Select Double Make sure that Spacing for both Before & After are set at 0pt. (these boxes are located right underneath the line spacing box) Norris- 2013

Header Insert a header with your last name and the page number Select Insert Select Page Number Select Top of Page Select the option the right justifies the page number (Plain Number 3) Move cursor to the left of the page number Type your last name only Insert one space between your name and the page number Click out of the header area Norris- 2013

Heading Create the heading (the heading goes on your first page only) MLA Style and Format Heading Create the heading (the heading goes on your first page only) Type your full name Type your teacher’s name Type the name of the class – no abbreviations! Type the date in MLA Style (smallest to largest) Day Month Year (30 October 2013) *Make sure your heading is double spaced, too. *Do not create a title page unless specifically instructed to do so by your teacher. Norris- 2013

Title and Text Create a title Select Home Select Center Justification Capitalize all important words (and first and last) DO NOT: Underline, Italicize, Boldface Make the title clever but indicative of your subject and direction your paper will take Tap enter and start typing your text – NO extra spaces! Save your document frequently to a place you can easily find it (your h-drive is the best option). Norris- 2013

What are Citations? In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation, or an in-text citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Norris- 2013

Why do we Need to Include Quotes & Paraphrases in our Writing? To provide specific detail or evidence to support opinions To include facts to illustrate or prove a point To emphasize a point To add credibility by including the opinions of experts. It’s required!!! Norris- 2013

Why do we Need to Include Citations in our Writing? Protects yourself from plagiarism Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily Gives you credibility as a writer It’s required!!! The correct documentation of your sources is serious business! If you plagiarize, even inadvertently, you may flunk your class, be expelled from college Plagiarism in your professional career can result in being sued, fired, and publicly embarrassed Norris- 2013

When Should You Include Parenthetical or In-Text Citations? When quoting any words that are not your own (quoting means to another source word for word, suing quotation marks) BTW, simply changing a word or two in a quotation does not make it your words. Norris- 2013

When Should You Include Parenthetical or In-Text Citations? When summarizing facts or ideas from a source. Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). When paraphrasing facts or ideas from a source. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. Norris- 2013

CAUTION! Don’t fall into the trap of paraphrasing. If the idea or information was not generated in your own mind, then you must cite the source it came from! Norris- 2013

What Does a Parenthetical or In-Text Citation Look Like? Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Norris- 2013

Parenthetical or In-Text Citations Typical in-text citation: Citation with source author mentioned in text: Norris- 2013

Parenthetical or In-Text Citations Consecutive citations from the same source: Norris- 2013

Parenthetical or In-Text Citations Sometimes more information is necessary. More than one author with the same last name (W. Wordsworth 23) (D. Wordsworth 224) More than one work by the same author (Joyce, Portrait 121) (Joyce, Ulysses 556) Different volumes of a multi-volume work (Jones 1: 336) Citing indirect sources (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 450) Norris- 2013

Parenthetical or In-Text Citations Other problems: If the source has no known author, then use an abbreviated version of the title: -Full Title: “California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers” -In-text Citation: (“California ” A14) If the source is only one page in length or is a web page with no apparent pagination: -Source: Dave Poland’s “Hot Button” web column -In-text Citation: (Poland) Norris- 2013

To Quote or to Paraphrase It’s important to make sure that you have a healthy balance of quotes and paraphrases, combined with your own thoughts and ideas in your writing. You can’t have a paper full of nothing but quotes. Remember, the quotes, paraphrases and summaries are necessary to support your own ideas and thought. Norris- 2013

When To Use Quotations Later Reference Memorable Language Authority Accuracy Brevity Norris- 2013

When To Use Quotations Choose your quotations carefully and for specific reasons. Use quotations to support your argument A short phrase or sentence is more easily understood than a long quotation Look for the "kernel" or the most important part of the quotation and extract it Paraphrase a quotation in your own words when possible Norris- 2013

Long Quotations Norris- 2013

Parenthetical or In-Text Citations There are many different combinations and variations of how to format your citations within MLA citation format. If you run into something unusual, look it up! There’s always an answer. The OWL (Online Writing Lab) at Purdue is a great MLA resource: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text. You MUST include complete source information in your Work Cited page for each source you cite in your writing. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page MLA Format Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent. Entries are ALWAYS listed alphabetically. If you are using a title instead of an author in your citation, do not consider the articles a, an, and or the if they are at the beginning of the title. Norris- 2013

How to Create a Hanging Indentation: Once you have all your sources copied onto your Work Cited page, highlight the entire contents of your Work Cited Page. Select Page Layout. Select Paragraph. Locate the box labeled Special in the Indentation section and choose Hanging. Make sure the Line Spacing option is set to Double and that the Spacing boxes (Before & After) are set to 0 pt. You need to make sure your entire paper is double-spaced with the Before & After settings at 0 pt. Norris- 2013

Sample Works Cited Page Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Books Basic Format: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Print. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Periodicals Article in a Magazine Format: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise.” Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127- 53. Print. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Web Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Web Cont. Examples: Bernstein, Mark. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006. “How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow. n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Other Personal Interview Example: Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000. Speech Example: Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May 2003. Keynote address. Norris- 2013

Works Cited Page: Other Film Example: The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995. Film. Norris- 2013

Citation Creators http://citationmachine.net/index2.php?reqstyleid=1&newstyle=1&stylebox=1 http://www.easybib.com/ Norris- 2013

Work Cited Page There are many rules on what information to include in your Work Cited citations depending on the medium your using. Make sure you always look up the rules for the types of sources you’re using! The OWL (Online Writing Lab) at Purdue is a great MLA resource: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Norris- 2013

Sample MLA Paper https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20091250615234_747.pdf Norris- 2013

Work Cited Page "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." Purdue Online Writing Lab. Purdue University, 13 10 2009. Web. 23 Oct 2013. Norris- 2013