INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

To the Instructor The set of files here are designed to help you prepare lectures for your own course using the text Introduction to Petroleum Engineering, J.R. Fanchi and R.L. Christiansen (Wiley, 2017) File format is kept simple so that you can customize the files with relative ease using your own style. You will need to supplement the files to complete the presentation topics.

Surface Treatment and Storage © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Outline Wellhead Production Equipment Pipelines Gas and Gas Condensate Vertical Well Patterns Homework: IPE Ch. 11

WELLHEAD

Christmas Tree and Wellhead Pressure Gauge Wing Valve Swab Valve Wing Master Valve Flowline Tubing Head Wellhead Casing Head

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Production Equipment Separation Separator Water Gas, oil and water separate (gas above oil above water) Separator Allows oil, gas and water to separate naturally Water BS&W (Basic Sediment and Water) Emulsion (figure below)

Fluid Segregation Gas off top Gas Oil from middle Oil Water off bottom Three Phases (Gas, oil and water)

http://kwintl.com/separators.html accessed 10-2-10 Two-Phase Vertical Separator Three-Phase Vertical Separator Vertical Separators Two Phases (Gas and liquid) Three Phases (Gas, oil and water) http://kwintl.com/separators.html accessed 10-2-10

http://kwintl.com/separators.html accessed 10-2-10 Three-Phase Vertical Separator Three-Phase Vertical Separator Two-Phase Vertical Separator Horizontal Separator Three Phases (Gas, oil and water) http://kwintl.com/separators.html accessed 10-2-10

Schematic of a gas-liquid separator Primary stage: inlet diverter (e.g. screen) changes momentum of inlet fluid Secondary stage: Liquid and gas separate by gravity Tertiary stage: mist eliminator allows small droplets to coalesce to larger drops Source: JPT (Dec 2014), pg. 107; SPE 169444 © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Oilfield Production Equipment

Oilfield Production Equipment Storage Tanks Separator Pump

Swabbing Swabbing Reduce pressure in wellbore Remove water or drilling mud from well (unload well) so oil and gas can flow Reduce pressure in wellbore Pipe, wireline tools or seals move up the wellbore. Reducing pressure can stimulate well

PIPELINES

Right of Way Barnett Shale DFW area

Laying Pipeline Barnett Shale DFW area

Average Velocity Average velocity Vavg = average speed through a cross-section Vavg determined from conservation of mass For fully developed laminar pipe flow, 𝑽 𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟏 𝟐 𝑽 𝒎𝒂𝒙 where Vmax is maximum velocity

Pipe Flow: 4 Flow Regimes in Vertical Flow Bubble Flow Slug Churn Annular

Pipe Flow: 7 Flow Regimes in Horizontal Flow Segregated Stratified Wavy Annular Intermittent Dispersed Slug Plug Bubble Mist

Flow Pattern Map for Horizontal Flow Superficial Liquid Velocity Gas Stratified Smooth Wavy Annular Mist Intermittent Dispersed Bubble Slug Flow Elongated Bubble Superficial Velocity: velocity that would exist if another phase was not present

Pressure Gradient Equation Flow in Pipe Pressure Gradient Equation L  A V Potential Energy 𝒅𝑷 𝒅𝑳 𝑷𝑬 =𝝆𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 Kinetic Energy 𝒅𝑷 𝒅𝑳 𝑲𝑬 =𝝆𝑽 𝒅𝑽 𝒅𝑳 Friction 𝒅𝑷 𝒅𝑳 𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄 =𝒇 𝝆 𝑽 𝟐 𝟐𝑫 Inclined, circular pipe Fluid density ρ Fluid velocity V Inner diameter D Friction factor f

GAS AND GAS CONDENSATE

Compressors to match pipeline pressure Gas Well Compression Boost low pressure to high pressure Expensive to install & operate Increase well life & reserves Individual well or entire field Compressors to match pipeline pressure

VERTICAL WELL PATTERNS © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Line Drive Pattern Injector

Five Spot Pattern Producer Injector

Peripheral Waterflood Pattern Producer Injector

QUESTIONS?

SUPPLEMENT