What is Communication? Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver, with the information being understood by the receiver
Communication Process The communication model provides an overview of the communication process, identifies the critical variables, and shows their relationships
Communication Cycle
Noise Hindering Communication Noise is anything-whether in the sender, the transmission, or the receiver--that hinders communication
Noise in Communication
Noise in Communication
Noise Hindering Communication Encoding may be faulty because of the use of ambiguous symbols Transmission may be interrupted by static in the channel, such as may be experienced in a poor telephone connection Inaccurate reception may be caused by inattention A noise or a confined environment may hinder the development of a clear thought
Ambiguous symbols
Inattention
Inattention
The Communication Flow in the Organization Downward communication Upward communication Horizontal communication, that is, between people on the same or similar organizational levels Diagonal communication involves persons from different levels who are not in direct reporting relationships with one another
Communication Flow
Communication Flow
What is the Function of an Ombudsperson? An ombudsperson investigates employees' concerns and provides a valuable upward communication link to enhance effective upward communication
Communication in the Organization Written Communication Oral Communication
Oral Communication
Oral Communication
Written Communication
Written Communication
Communication in the Organization Written Communication Oral Communication Non Verbal Communication
Non Verbal Communication
Non Verbal Communication
Non Verbal Communication
Non Verbal Communication
Barriers and Breakdowns in Communication Loss by Transmission and Poor Retention Poor Listening and Premature Evaluation Impersonal Communication Distrust, Threat, and Fear Insufficient Period for Adjustment to Change Information Overload
Barriers and Breakdowns in Communication Lack of Planning Unclarified Assumptions Semantic Distortion Poorly Expressed Messages Communication Barriers in the International Environment
Unclarified Assumptions
Poor Listening
Impersonal Communications
Other Communication Barriers Selective perception -- people tend to perceive what they expect to perceive The influence of attitude -- which is the predisposition to act or not to act in a certain way Differences in status and power between the sender and the receiver of information. Information passing through several levels in the organization hierarchy tends to be distorted.
Selective Perception
Influence of Attitude