Identify 3 things every organism needs to survive. Do Now Identify 3 things every organism needs to survive. Write your answers in your notebook.

List one food chain in the following picture List one food chain in the following picture. Name the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer.

Big Picture LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared. (MS-LS2-2)   LS2.B: Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. (MS-LS2-3)

carrying capacity prey predator symbiosis mutualism commensalism Objectives: --By observing models, students will investigate the types of interactions organisms have with each other in their environments. --Students will use vocabulary to describe the types of interactions. Vocabulary carrying capacity prey predator symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism coevolution Learning Target Today I will: Learn about the types of interactions organisms have with each other in their environment So that I can: Apply those concepts to how organisms in an ecosystem are connected. I will know I got it if: I can identify the three main ways organisms affect each other. Agenda Today we will: Watch a quick video Teacher presentation Group and Individual work Exit ticket

What is a Limiting Factor? Limiting Factors are… (two similar definitions) conditions of the environment that limit the growth of a species. biotic and abiotic factors that prevent the continuous growth of a population.

What is a Limiting Factor? Populations would continue to increase if they had all of the resources they require in unlimited amounts, but there are always factors that limit their increase. Limiting factors control population growth.

Limiting Factors There are many types of limiting factors. Some examples are: Food and water Space Weather

What is Carrying Capacity? Carrying capacity is the number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support.

What is Carrying Capacity? Because of these limiting factors, each ecosystem has a finite capacity for growth connected to its carrying capacity.

Carrying Capacity & Limiting Factor Review In nature, populations of organisms rarely grow uncontrolled. Each ecosystem has a carrying capacity (or number or organisms it can sustain/support). Remember, limiting factors are biotic and abiotic factors that prevent the continuous growth of a population. Because of limiting factors, the number of organisms in a population is often well below carrying capacity.

Limiting Factors worksheet

Interactions Between Organisms Individuals and Populations Interact Populations contain individuals of a single species that interact with one another, such as a group of rabbits feeding in the same area. Communities contain interacting populations, such as a coral reef with many species of corals trying to find living space.

Competition can happen within a population, or between populations. Individuals and Populations Interact When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource, such as food, water, shelter, space, or sunlight, it is called competition. Competition can happen within a population, or between populations.

Sometimes, predators themselves become prey. Predator and Prey Predation describes an interaction where a predator species kills and eats other organisms, known as prey. Predator/prey Sometimes, predators themselves become prey. Praying mantis captures grasshopper. Anole captures and eats praying mantis.

Predators and Prey Predators are organisms that eat all or part of another organism. Organisms that are killed and eaten by other organisms are called prey. Predator Adaptations To survive, predators must be able to catch their prey. Predators have a wide variety of methods and abilities for doing so.

Predators and Prey, continued Prey Adaptations Prey have their own methods and abilities to keep from being eaten. Prey are able to run away, stay in groups, or camouflage themselves. Some prey are poisonous. Camouflage One way animals avoid being eaten is by being hard to see. Blending in with the background is called camouflage.

Predators and Prey, continued Defensive Chemicals Some animals defend themselves with chemicals. The skunk and the bombardier beetle both spray predators with irritating chemicals. Bees, ants, and wasps inject a powerful acid into their attackers. Warning Coloration Animals that have a chemical defense need a way to warn predators that they should look elsewhere for a meal. Their chemical weapons are often advertised by warning colors.

Symbiosis Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two or more species.   Sometimes a symbiotic relationship benefits both species Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, co-evolution

Mutualism Mutualism is an association between organisms of two different species in which each member benefits. Ants (Hymenoptera) protect the aphids (Aphididae) and the aphids provide honeydew for the ants

Commensalism Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one derives some benefit while the other is unaffected. The Remora fish has a dorsal fin modified as a sucker-like attachment organ. It attaches to the sides of larger fish and turtles using them as transport hosts and obtains food fragments dropped from the host.

Parasitism Parasitism is a form of symbiosis in which one species benefits at the expense of another species; similar to predation, but acts more slowly than predators and may not always kill the host. Head lice Ticks Fleas Heart worm

The organism that benefits is called a parasite. Parasitism The organism that benefits is called a parasite. The organisms that it lives on or in is called a host.

Coevolution What Is Coevolution? When a long-term change takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another, the change is called coevolution. Bees (Hymenoptera) and Plants Coevolution and Flowers Flowers have changed over millions of years to attract pollinators. Pollinators such as bees, bats, and hummingbirds can be attracted to a flower because of its color, odor, or nectar.

Identify 3 ways predators and prey adapt to their ecosystem. Exit Ticket Identify 3 ways predators and prey adapt to their ecosystem. What are the three main ways organisms affect each other an ecosystem?