Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Parts of speech are the basic building blocks of language and communication They are the basic types of words (or phrases – group of words), reflecting: their use/function as well as the way sentences are built In English, the part of speech is determined by how it is used more than the specific word

Parts of Speech In English, there are 8 basic parts of speech (traditionally); What about other languages?

Parts of Speech Spanish: 8, with minor differences from English Arabic: 3, with subcategories that match English fairly closely Korean: 9, that pretty well match English Chinese: 21, with major differences Japanese: 12, with differences Russian: 8 that pretty well match English Vietnamese: 10, with major differences

Parts of Speech Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Pronoun Conjunction Preposition Interjection

Parts of Speech: Noun Noun A noun is a naming word or phrase. It names a person, place, thing, idea, quality, action, event, or even a quote. Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, freedom, kindness, kick-off, arrival Use them as subjects and objects (direct objects and indirect objects of verbs, or objects of prepositions)

Parts of Speech: Verb Verb A verb is a word or phase which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want The key element in all languages, because without them, nothing “happens”

Parts of Speech Noun: A noun is a naming word or phrase Verb: A verb describes an action or a state Adjective: An adjective describes a noun or pronoun Adverb: An adverb describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Note to self: Replace this chart with a chart indicating English uniqueness of nouns No gender, except for the obvious, which is an issue only for pronouns and possessive adjectives (which are related to nouns) Regular and irregular plural (singular and plural only) Cover noun/verb agreement later under more extensive coverage of verbs

English Word Order The basic word order in English is as follows: Subject + Verb + [Object(s)] Applies to declarative sentences Both subjects and objects can be nouns or pronouns Objects can have 0, 1, or 2 components Many additions to this order as: We add more of the parts of speech Change functionality

Genesis 1 (Key Verses) 1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2The earth was empty, a formless mass cloaked in darkness. . . . 3Then God said, “Let there be light”, and there was light. 4And God saw that it was good. 31Then God looked over all that he had made, and he saw that it was excellent in every way.

Genesis 1 (Key Verses) 1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2The earth was empty, a formless mass cloaked in darkness. . . . 3Then God said, “Let there be light”, and there was light. 4 And God saw that it was good. 31Then God looked over all that he had made, and he saw that it was excellent in every way. Nouns Verbs

Psalm 19:1-4 (p 576) The heavens tell of the glory of God. The skies display his marvelous craftsmanship. Day after day they continue to speak; night after night they make him known. They speak without a sound or a word; their voice is silent in the skies; Yet their message has gone out to all the earth, and their words to all the world.

Parts of Speech Parts of speech are the basic building blocks of language and communication They are the basic types of words (or phrases – group of words), reflecting: their use/function as well as the way sentences are built In English, the part of speech is determined by how it is used more than the specific word

Parts of Speech: Noun Noun A noun is a naming word or phrase. It names a person, place, thing, idea, quality, action, event, or even a quote. Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, freedom, kindness, kick-off, arrival Use them as subjects and objects (direct objects and indirect objects of verbs, or objects of prepositions)

Parts of Speech: Verb Verb A verb is a word or phase which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want The key element in all languages, because without them, nothing “happens”

English Word Order The basic word order in English is as follows: Subject + Verb + [Object(s)] Applies to declarative sentences Both subjects and objects can be nouns or pronouns Objects can have 0, 1, or 2 components Many additions to this order as: We add more of the parts of speech Change functionality

Genesis 1 (Key Verses) 1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2The earth was empty, a formless mass cloaked in darkness. . . . 3Then God said, “Let there be light”, and there was light. 4 And God saw that it was good. 31Then God looked over all that he had made, and he saw that it was excellent in every way. Nouns Verbs

Psalm 19:1-4 (p 576) The heavens tell of the glory of God. The skies display his marvelous craftsmanship. Day after day they continue to speak; night after night they make him known. They speak without a sound or a word; their voice is silent in the skies; Yet their message has gone out to all the earth, and their words to all the world.