Becoming a World Power, 1880–1917 Expansionism shapes U.S. foreign policy and leads to the acquisition of new territories. Detail of Theodore Roosevelt leading his Rough Riders at the storming of San Juan Hill, Cuba, on July 1, 1898. NEXT

Becoming a World Power, 1880–1917 SECTION 1 The United States Continues to Expand SECTION 2 The Spanish-American War SECTION 3 U.S. Involvement Overseas NEXT

The United States Continues to Expand Section 1 The United States Continues to Expand The United States expands its interest in world affairs and acquires new territories. NEXT

The United States Continues to Expand 1 SECTION The United States Continues to Expand Reasons for U.S. Expansion • Imperialism—stronger nations extend control over weaker nations • European nations have been establishing colonies for centuries • 3 factors help fuel development of American imperialism: - economic interests - military interests - belief in cultural superiority Chart NEXT

1 SECTION Seward and Alaska • Secretary of State William Seward arranges purchase of Alaska (1867) • Purchase is widely criticized, turns out to be great bargain for U.S. NEXT

The Annexation of Hawaii 1 SECTION The Annexation of Hawaii • By late 1800s, wealthy planters dominate Hawaii’s economy Chart • Hawaiian leader Queen Liliuokalani wants to limit planters’ power • Planters, U.S. Marines overthrow queen, set up own government • Hawaii becomes U.S. state in 1898 NEXT

The Spanish-American War Section 2 The Spanish-American War Independence movements in Spanish colonies lead to the Spanish-American War in 1898. NEXT

The Spanish-American War 2 SECTION The Spanish-American War Rebellion Against Spain • By 1890s, Spain has few colonies, Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico • In 1895, Cubans revolt, Spain uses harsh methods to suppress revolt • Methods anger Americans, rebellion disrupts U.S. trade with Cuba • U.S. newspapers describe, sometimes exaggerate, Spanish cruelty Image • Newspapers use sensational style of writing called yellow journalism NEXT

The United States Goes to War 2 SECTION The United States Goes to War • President McKinley demands Spain stop harsh treatment of Cubans • Sends U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens there • Maine explodes, killing 260 sailors, Spain blamed Image • “Remember the Maine!” becomes a call to arms • McKinley demands Cuba’s independence, withdrawal of Spain’s troops • Spain refuses, Spanish-American War begins NEXT

The War in the Philippines 2 SECTION The War in the Philippines • Filipinos revolt against Spanish rule (1890s) • U.S. Commodore George Dewey in contact with rebel leader • Spanish-American War begins, Dewey, fleet head to Manila, Philippines • U.S. fleet destroys Spanish fleet at battle in Manila Bay (1898) Map • U.S. troops, Filipino rebels take control of Manila in August NEXT

The War in the Caribbean 2 SECTION The War in the Caribbean • Theodore Roosevelt sets up 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry—Rough Riders • Rough Riders, other soldiers capture San Juan Hill, near Santiago • American ships destroy Spanish fleet in Santiago Harbor • Santiago surrenders, U.S. forces take Puerto Rico, Spain signs truce Map NEXT

2 SECTION Results of the War • Spain gives up colonies, signs peace treaty (1898) • Philippines becomes U.S. colony, Filipino revolt against U.S. subdued • Cuba adds Platt Amendment to its constitution: - U.S. intervenes in Cuban affairs if life, property, liberty threatened - allows U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay • Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory • Grants U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans NEXT

The Anti-Imperialist League 2 SECTION The Anti-Imperialist League • Many people object to U.S. treatment of Spain’s former colonies • Anti-Imperialist League members believe: - U.S. should not deny other people self-government • League’s opinions lost in approval for Spanish-American War NEXT

U.S. Involvement Overseas Section 3 U.S. Involvement Overseas In the early 1900s, the United States expands its involvement in Asia and Latin America. NEXT

U.S. Involvement Overseas 3 SECTION U.S. Involvement Overseas A Power in the Pacific • U.S. acquires Hawaii, Guam, Philippines in the Pacific • Many Americans want profits from Asian markets, resources • Others want U.S. to extend its democracy, culture to Asia NEXT

The United States in China 3 SECTION The United States in China • Japan, European powers expand their spheres of influence in China Map • Spheres of influence—areas where foreign powers claim special rights • Most foreign powers in China accept U.S. Open Door Policy (1899): - no single country should have monopoly on trade with China • Many Chinese angry with presence of foreigners • Boxer Rebellion—uprising against foreigners, eventually subdued (1900) NEXT

The Panama Canal 3 • U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic, SECTION The Panama Canal • U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic, Pacific Oceans • Columbia refuses to give U.S. best spot for canal, Isthmus of Panama • U.S. supports revolt on isthmus, new nation Panama created (1903) • Panama gives U.S. strip of land—Canal Zone, U.S. pays Panama Map • U.S. builds Panama Canal—shortcut connects Atlantic, Pacific Map • In 1921, U.S. pays Columbia for loss of Panama NEXT

3 SECTION Building the Canal • Building the canal is difficult, land swampy, malaria common • More than 45,000 workers labor for years on canal, finished in 1914 Chart • Canal cost $352 million, more than 5,000 workers die building it NEXT

U.S. Involvement in Latin America 3 SECTION U.S. Involvement in Latin America • U.S. buys food, raw materials cheap in Latin America: - bananas, coffee, copper • Ship goods to U.S., sell for higher price • U.S. buys large amounts of land in Latin American for farming, mining • Wants political stability, no European intervention NEXT

Policing the Hemisphere 3 SECTION Policing the Hemisphere • President Roosevelt’s foreign policy, “Speak softly, but carry a big stick” • Adds the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine (1904): - allows U.S. leaders to intervene in Latin American affairs if needed • Authorizes U.S. to act as “policeman” in the region Interactive • President Taft urges U.S. investment in Latin America • Sends troops to Nicaragua to protect investments Continued . . . NEXT

• President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution 3 SECTION continued Policing the Hemisphere • President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution • Sends troops to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa Image • Americans see U.S. as a good police officer in Latin America • Latin Americans see U.S. as imperial power NEXT

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