Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Indicator Client: Dr. Lester Proctor Advisor: Kristyn S. Masters Team V-Tec Michael Alexander - Team Leader Claire Edlebeck - BWIG Samantha Bergh - Communications Tyler Lark - BSAC Lucas Vitzthum - Graphics

Outline Problem Statement Background Existing Devices Design Constraints Design Ideas Design Matrix Future Work

Problem Statement Endotracheal Tubes Use in pediatrics Cuff Pressure Optimal Pressure Range Use in pediatrics

Background Information 20,000 Operations Annually 25% Children 75% Require Endotracheal Tube Inflatable Cuff for Adults Advantages Tight Seal Prevents Aspiration Disadvantages Ischemia due to excess pressure Risk Increased in Children

Current Devices Patents On the Market Several None marketed Not similar to our designs On the Market Hi-Lo® Tracheal Tube with Lanz® Pressure- Regulating Valve

Design Constraints Pressure-Regulation Performance level Disposability MRI/CT Compatibility

Electrical Design Solution Uses electrical pressure transducer Measures pressure inside cuff Translates different pressures into distinct voltages Voltage powers the corresponding LEDs Source: omega.com, Tim Shedd

Electrical Design (cont.) Pros Highly Accurate, Precise Visually exact Cons Expensive ($85.00/unit) May interfere with medical equipment Not MRI compatible Highly accurate—0.3 psi range Visually precise—different colored LEDs eliminate mistakes in reading the pressure, thus creating a more reliable method of displaying the pressure to the physician CONS Expensive $85.00 per unit

Mechanical Design Pressure gauge attached near pilot balloon Pressure acts on piston inside device Piston increasingly protrudes indicating pressure

Mechanical Design (cont.) Pros Economic Versatile Cons Difficult to calibrate Requires MRI compatible form of resistance Reads multiple Pressures,,, more versitile cons can’t use spring

Design 3: Relief Valve Additional valve and tube attached to pilot balloon Standard pressure relief valve Predictably fails at 25 cm H2O pressure Clamp allows for override

Relief Valve: Pros & Cons Reliably releases pressure Safe Relatively inexpensive to manufacture Cons MRI Interference Precision manufacturing required No longer embodies our clients preference

Design Matrix Safety(10) Client Preference (10) Ease of Use (5) Effective-ness (5) Price (10) Total (40) Electrical 9 1 5 4 20 Mechanical 8 10 36 Relief Valve 6 3 7 31

Future Work DESIGN TESTING CREATE PROTOTYPE Specify dimensions of prototype MRI compatibility Discuss with client Obtain necessary skills in machine shop Investigate means of fabrication Molding Machining Rapid Prototyping Accuracy of Pressure Reading Constant Rate of Pressure Release Repeatability and Reproducibility Labview

Any Questions?